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Economic Research

These publications are designed to increase public understanding of the functions and operations of the Federal Reserve System, monetary policy, financial markets and institutions, and consumer finance and the economy.
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Current Periodicals

The Richmond Fed's Research department publishes Region Focus and Economic Quarterly on a quarterly basis. Working Papers are published several times a year. The Annual Report is a yearly publication.
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Region Focus

This quarterly business magazine contains information on, and analysis of, the Fifth District economy. The material appearing in Region Focus is collected and developed by the Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.
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Economic Quarterly

Contains articles on monetary theory and policy, banking and finance, and the payment system. Its predecessor is Economic Review, published 1974-1992. .
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Working Papers

Working papers were written by economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, in some cases in collaboration with outside economists. These working papers represent work prepared for later publication or presentation to professional meetings. They are circulated in this series for purposes of discussion and comment only.
Annual Report

Annual Reports

Reviews the Bank's operations and includes a feature essay on a current economic issue. Highlights the Bank's activities during the year, and includes financial statements.

Predecessor Publications

The Research Department published Cross Sections, the predecessor to Region Focus, through Winter 1996/1997. Economic Review preceded Economic Quarterly, and was published 1974-1992.
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Cross Sections

A quarterly business magazine. Back issues only; published through Winter 1996/1997. Predecessor to Region Focus.
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Economic Review

Articles on monetary policy, banking and finance, and payments system economics. Predecessor to Economic Quarterly, published 1974-1992. Abstracts are provided when available with links to the entire article in pdf format.

Special Reports

The Richmond Fed publishes special publications and reports. A select group are available on this web site.
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Coin and Currency in the Casino Industry

Summarizes a white paper study of the impact that growth and other recent changes in the gaming industry have had on the use of coin and currency in U.S. casinos. This publication, prepared by the Fifth District Cash Function, examines expansion and innovation by the industry and the technological advances in gaming that are changing the way gamblers use money.
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Instruments of the Money Market

Describes the major money market instruments and the institutional arrangements of the markets in which these instruments are traded. Out of print. Available online only.
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"The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Treasury-Federal Reserve Accord" Economic Quarterly, Winter 2001

These web pages provide a direct link to this special issue of Economic Quarterly and present background information, biographies of significant people involved with the dispute, and a list of references for further research on the Treasury-Federal Reserve Accord.
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The Economics of Crime

This article is excerpted from The Economics of Crime: Prevention, Enforcement, and Punishment, which outlined his premise that people decide whether to commit a crime by a comparison of the benefits and costs.
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Macroeconomic Data: A User's Guide

This user's guide was originally published in 1995, and although no longer in print, it contains articles still frequently referenced by members of the academic and economic communities. Because of their popularity, we continue to make the following articles available online: Labor Market Data, Macroeconomic Prices and Indexes, The National Income and Product Accounts.
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The Relevance of Adam Smith

Written in 1976, in celebration of the American Bicentennial, this article uses quotations from Adam Smith's monumental treatise, The Wealth of Nations to illustrate how his major ideas are still widely used.