Economic Review

This article examines three competing hypotheses and their ability to explain events in international financial markets during the 1980s. The rival hypotheses view the trade deficit as caused alternatively by large U.S. budget deficits, by tight U.S. monetary policy, or by real shocks to investment resulting from changes in the U.S. tax code. While no entirely consistent explanation emerges, the real-shock hypothesis seems to match the data best.

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