Small businesses remained challenged throughout 2021 and those that sought financing to bridge funding gaps experienced a higher rate of denials than before the pandemic.

A decreasing-rate mortgage wouldn't increase its interest rate, but would decline when rates dropped, potentially saving significant refinance costs.

The U.S. economy's strong aggregate performance hides the struggles of those hit hardest by the pandemic -- low-wage workers, minorities, and those with existing financial distress.

During most of the COVID-19 pandemic, regions with high financial distress saw disproportionately more infections and deaths than regions with low financial distress. As of February 2021, cumulative infections appear more evenly distributed while total deaths remain higher in financially distressed regions.

Lending by small and large domestic banks, and foreign-related banks evolved in distinctly different ways during the first several months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Richmond Fed economists are using novel approaches to understand racial wealth differences

John Bailey Jones shares his work on the medical spending of the elderly and other financial decisions people make as they age.