Additional Resources

Balla, Eliana and Morgan J. Rose, "Loan Loss Reserves, Accounting Constraints, and Bank Ownership Structure," Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Working Paper No. 11-09, December 2011.

Beatty, Anne and Scott Liao, "Regulatory Capital Ratios, Loan Loss Provisioning, and Pro-cyclicality," Manuscript, Ohio State University and University of Toronto, November 2009.

Bernanke, Ben S., "Financial Reform to Address Systemic Risk," Speech to the Council on Foreign Relations, Washington, D.C., March 10, 2009.

Laeven, Luc and Giovanni Majnoni, "Loan Loss Provisioning and Economic Slowdowns: Too Much, Too Late?" Journal of Financial Intermediation, April 2003, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 178-197. (A working paper version is available online.)

Wall, Larry D. and Timothy W. Koch, "Bank Loan-Loss Accounting: A Review of Theoretical and Empirical Evidence," Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, Second Quarter 2000, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 1-19.

Walter, John A. "Loan Loss Reserves," Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Review, July/August 1991, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 20-30.

Websitefor the FASB and IASB's Joint Project on Accounting for Financial Instruments — Credit Impairment