Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

Region & Communities

Our work to support the nation’s economy includes a focus on the economic well-being of our District, which covers North and South Carolina, Maryland, Virginia, Washington, D.C., and most of West Virginia. Learn more about our research and engagement in our communities:
Small Town &
Rural Initiative

Understanding the economic challenges facing our smaller towns and sharing what works to address them.
Regional Data &
Analysis

Regional surveys, economic indicators and in-depth analysis of the communities in our District.
Community Development & Engagement

Working to identify economic opportunities in low- and moderate-income and underserved communities.
Latest Economic Research

Publications
The Persistent Decline of LFP Rates for Older Individuals Around the Pandemic
Economic Brief
November 2024, No. 24-34
Andreas Hornstein
Regional Economy
Careers Evolve but Majors Matter: Career Pathways and College Majors in Virginia
Regional Matters
November 14, 2024
Joseph Mengedoth
Data & Analysis
Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index

November 7, 2024
The Non-Employment Index was 7.6 percent in October 2024, essentially unchanged from September 2024. The index edged up by 0.1 percentage point compared to October 2023.
        Month,HKL Nonemployment Index,HKL Nonemployment Index Including PTER,Civilian Unemployment Rate (U-3),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached (U-5),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached and PTER (U-6)
1994-01-01,9.982248755,11.04486957,6.6,8,11.7
1994-02-01,9.807177576,10.96763843,6.6,7.9,11.4
1994-03-01,9.701044628,10.91554522,6.5,7.8,11.5
1994-04-01,9.568944812,10.75383711,6.4,7.7,11.3
1994-05-01,9.359937621,10.57514145,6.1,7.3,10.9
1994-06-01,9.35018301,10.56502995,6.1,7.3,11
1994-07-01,9.29304718,10.4544194,6.1,7.4,10.8
1994-08-01,9.242719961,10.36187447,6,7.3,10.6
1994-09-01,9.151949163,10.26329734,5.9,7.2,10.4
1994-10-01,9.077851624,10.21814492,5.8,7,10.4
1994-11-01,8.977685669,10.12843965,5.6,6.8,10.1
1994-12-01,8.897703732,10.01531141,5.5,6.7,10.1
1995-01-01,8.918130859,10.10875579,5.6,6.7,10.1
1995-02-01,8.847170885,9.931938683,5.4,6.6,9.9
1995-03-01,8.884402596,9.987449049,5.4,6.6,9.9
1995-04-01,8.973348308,10.06478784,5.8,6.8,10.1
1995-05-01,9.015089837,10.14460608,5.6,6.8,10.1
1995-06-01,8.951737451,10.07510501,5.6,6.7,10.1
1995-07-01,8.93700077,10.07281502,5.7,6.8,10.1
1995-08-01,8.9783096,10.12381644,5.7,6.8,10.1
1995-09-01,8.968254962,10.12093057,5.6,6.7,10.2
1995-10-01,8.961177932,10.08323046,5.5,6.7,10
1995-11-01,8.947902615,10.08408596,5.6,6.7,10.1
1995-12-01,8.969346294,10.07847484,5.6,6.7,10
1996-01-01,8.93983276,9.979918348,5.6,6.8,9.8
1996-02-01,8.917840592,10.00485014,5.5,6.7,10
1996-03-01,8.85186416,9.947079173,5.5,6.6,9.9
1996-04-01,8.843469492,9.925962999,5.6,6.7,10
1996-05-01,8.860272598,9.936738397,5.6,6.6,9.8
1996-06-01,8.711562081,9.784735687,5.3,6.5,9.7
1996-07-01,8.716602469,9.823511243,5.5,6.5,9.7
1996-08-01,8.628499632,9.728024211,5.1,6.2,9.4
1996-09-01,8.566103468,9.652916851,5.2,6.2,9.5
1996-10-01,8.616426442,9.700090476,5.2,6.2,9.5
1996-11-01,8.696916751,9.704766478,5.4,6.4,9.4
1996-12-01,8.621809172,9.701957009,5.4,6.4,9.6
1997-01-01,8.617913413,9.679626899,5.3,6.3,9.4
1997-02-01,8.61887217,9.65573644,5.2,6.2,9.3
1997-03-01,8.529497942,9.540019133,5.2,6.2,9.1
1997-04-01,8.42786039,9.471672886,5.1,6.1,9.3
1997-05-01,8.419956467,9.414820979,4.9,5.9,8.9
1997-06-01,8.376253341,9.35995474,5,6,8.9
1997-07-01,8.24506039,9.258935271,4.9,5.8,8.7
1997-08-01,8.20667785,9.204788084,4.8,5.8,8.7
1997-09-01,8.283238392,9.264436439,4.9,5.8,8.7
1997-10-01,8.180625007,9.158912401,4.7,5.6,8.5
1997-11-01,8.152236446,9.125223186,4.6,5.6,8.4
1997-12-01,8.177964916,9.120956067,4.7,5.7,8.5
1998-01-01,8.097021943,9.073989142,4.6,5.6,8.4
1998-02-01,8.049222435,8.991772129,4.6,5.5,8.3
1998-03-01,8.098666884,9.036658192,4.7,5.6,8.4
1998-04-01,7.93187165,8.814171118,4.3,5.2,8
1998-05-01,7.944886414,8.860633649,4.4,5.3,8
1998-06-01,8.011463828,8.933993702,4.5,5.4,8.1
1998-07-01,8.069838779,9.018333125,4.5,5.5,8.2
1998-08-01,8.043756042,8.911932418,4.5,5.4,7.9
1998-09-01,7.992846793,8.834011258,4.6,5.5,8
1998-10-01,8.007963315,8.848064728,4.5,5.4,7.9
1998-11-01,7.910461152,8.716338056,4.4,5.3,7.7
1998-12-01,7.885505172,8.710294897,4.4,5.2,7.6
1999-01-01,7.867335138,8.708819086,4.3,5.2,7.6
1999-02-01,7.909536575,8.7362073,4.4,5.2,7.7
1999-03-01,7.858493964,8.713325802,4.2,5,7.5
1999-04-01,8.041418351,8.834764762,4.3,5.2,7.7
1999-05-01,7.87654147,8.705637348,4.2,5,7.4
1999-06-01,7.898511821,8.718130392,4.3,5.1,7.5
1999-07-01,7.845239976,8.671707205,4.3,5.1,7.5
1999-08-01,7.816550158,8.618157105,4.2,5,7.3
1999-09-01,7.831887351,8.624735144,4.2,5,7.4
1999-10-01,7.729621748,8.493090895,4.1,5,7.2
1999-11-01,7.699593071,8.458568292,4.1,4.9,7.2
1999-12-01,7.651964188,8.43283015,4,4.8,7.1
2000-01-01,7.593019543,8.350166881,4,4.8,7
2000-02-01,7.709367016,8.455541581,4.1,4.9,7.1
2000-03-01,7.732554104,8.492462191,4,4.8,7.1
2000-04-01,7.608686907,8.333845629,3.8,4.7,6.9
2000-05-01,7.782981476,8.569547351,4,4.8,7.1
2000-06-01,7.626540801,8.377357174,4,4.7,7
2000-07-01,7.640253283,8.395667344,4,4.8,7
2000-08-01,7.672451585,8.446405094,4.1,4.8,7.1
2000-09-01,7.633875343,8.393749383,3.9,4.7,7
2000-10-01,7.619784179,8.372780537,3.9,4.6,6.8
2000-11-01,7.655048171,8.444549191,3.9,4.7,7.1
2000-12-01,7.63856079,8.388494161,3.9,4.7,6.9
2001-01-01,7.72802886,8.503811948,4.2,5,7.3
2001-02-01,7.761631997,8.523491936,4.2,5.1,7.3
2001-03-01,7.821048262,8.584137626,4.3,5,7.3
2001-04-01,7.972454006,8.723042644,4.4,5.1,7.4
2001-05-01,8.060130482,8.87378251,4.3,5.1,7.5
2001-06-01,8.139205911,9.020528074,4.5,5.3,7.9
2001-07-01,8.094606486,8.936499713,4.6,5.4,7.9
2001-08-01,8.40756559,9.220832506,4.9,5.8,8.2
2001-09-01,8.380194581,9.359255697,5,5.8,8.7
2001-10-01,8.644060423,9.671218516,5.3,6.3,9.3
2001-11-01,8.731849005,9.70001099,5.5,6.4,9.4
2001-12-01,8.841487173,9.848896862,5.7,6.6,9.6
2002-01-01,8.913986396,9.849107964,5.7,6.6,9.4
2002-02-01,8.821419949,9.797036987,5.7,6.5,9.5
2002-03-01,8.80628785,9.750932534,5.7,6.6,9.4
2002-04-01,8.87395995,9.826375574,5.9,6.9,9.7
2002-05-01,8.799235744,9.75319066,5.8,6.8,9.6
2002-06-01,8.786762142,9.724261297,5.8,6.7,9.5
2002-07-01,8.80341608,9.771404487,5.8,6.8,9.6
2002-08-01,8.739053037,9.764957368,5.7,6.7,9.6
2002-09-01,8.703935592,9.695211005,5.7,6.6,9.6
2002-10-01,8.677885251,9.672293368,5.7,6.6,9.6
2002-11-01,8.819223308,9.778343325,5.9,6.8,9.8
2002-12-01,8.750285694,9.728052914,6,6.9,9.8
2003-01-01,8.795715921,9.838766492,5.8,6.8,9.9
2003-02-01,8.821332968,9.901298802,5.9,6.9,10.1
2003-03-01,8.933992229,9.992513782,5.9,6.9,10
2003-04-01,8.88751016,9.962161308,6,7,10.2
2003-05-01,8.962948826,10.00924903,6.1,7.1,10.1
2003-06-01,9.000992832,10.04798158,6.3,7.2,10.3
2003-07-01,8.970265172,10.03417289,6.2,7.1,10.3
2003-08-01,8.945676522,9.983038189,6.1,7.1,10.1
2003-09-01,8.934272868,10.03551693,6.1,7.1,10.4
2003-10-01,8.920007175,9.995273286,6,7,10.2
2003-11-01,8.785621235,9.848244769,5.8,6.8,10.1
2003-12-01,8.772455642,9.839666697,5.7,6.6,9.8
2004-01-01,8.714056852,9.775799468,5.7,6.7,9.8
2004-02-01,8.665831593,9.675550735,5.6,6.6,9.7
2004-03-01,8.792173289,9.860602773,5.8,6.8,10
2004-04-01,8.663543031,9.67452214,5.6,6.6,9.6
2004-05-01,8.656907092,9.694398158,5.6,6.6,9.7
2004-06-01,8.63358492,9.633354874,5.6,6.6,9.6
2004-07-01,8.625660605,9.626935373,5.5,6.5,9.5
2004-08-01,8.598231009,9.626954676,5.4,6.4,9.4
2004-09-01,8.580850051,9.585405834,5.4,6.4,9.4
2004-10-01,8.619830592,9.685850794,5.5,6.5,9.7
2004-11-01,8.571552987,9.562277653,5.4,6.3,9.4
2004-12-01,8.557713081,9.546321194,5.4,6.3,9.3
2005-01-01,8.508313051,9.482312583,5.3,6.3,9.2
2005-02-01,8.5688453,9.512694062,5.4,6.4,9.2
2005-03-01,8.492530018,9.472117783,5.2,6.2,9.1
2005-04-01,8.452996071,9.380626604,5.2,6.1,9
2005-05-01,8.374401598,9.33870745,5.1,6.1,8.9
2005-06-01,8.406748812,9.391350772,5,6,9
2005-07-01,8.318647987,9.292773961,5,5.9,8.8
2005-08-01,8.233707451,9.247065076,4.9,5.9,8.9
2005-09-01,8.37933092,9.413864419,5,6,9
2005-10-01,8.339109399,9.281195992,5,5.9,8.7
2005-11-01,8.402019347,9.309262662,5,6,8.7
2005-12-01,8.356279372,9.257943904,4.9,5.9,8.6
2006-01-01,8.242637292,9.142648256,4.7,5.6,8.4
2006-02-01,8.238952155,9.157564808,4.8,5.6,8.4
2006-03-01,8.13678163,9.011786201,4.7,5.6,8.2
2006-04-01,8.269493384,9.097825952,4.7,5.6,8.1
2006-05-01,8.092363198,8.996588877,4.6,5.5,8.2
2006-06-01,8.084948885,9.026180643,4.6,5.6,8.4
2006-07-01,8.145442825,9.084853086,4.7,5.7,8.5
2006-08-01,8.114073152,9.051196782,4.7,5.7,8.4
2006-09-01,8.096812921,9.013119926,4.5,5.3,8
2006-10-01,8.060916463,9.01248158,4.4,5.3,8.2
2006-11-01,8.111056362,9.004136985,4.5,5.4,8.1
2006-12-01,8.01024705,8.916017706,4.4,5.2,7.9
2007-01-01,8.085013503,9.003565539,4.6,5.5,8.3
2007-02-01,8.056969759,8.965030823,4.5,5.4,8.1
2007-03-01,7.904310674,8.827982237,4.4,5.3,8
2007-04-01,8.182317149,9.086759841,4.5,5.4,8.2
2007-05-01,8.134480844,9.104140631,4.4,5.3,8.2
2007-06-01,8.105355386,9.036250863,4.6,5.4,8.3
2007-07-01,8.123084358,9.074024088,4.7,5.5,8.4
2007-08-01,8.148139662,9.158874959,4.6,5.5,8.4
2007-09-01,8.196048896,9.191563618,4.7,5.5,8.4
2007-10-01,8.191251019,9.133032627,4.7,5.6,8.4
2007-11-01,8.110037997,9.061105633,4.7,5.6,8.5
2007-12-01,8.28174818,9.263210764,5,5.8,8.8
2008-01-01,8.294593574,9.333755536,5,5.9,9.1
2008-02-01,8.283992746,9.327176872,4.9,5.8,9
2008-03-01,8.401935905,9.45487744,5.1,5.9,9.1
2008-04-01,8.430436833,9.51644686,5,5.9,9.2
2008-05-01,8.587664465,9.722708691,5.4,6.3,9.7
2008-06-01,8.640985628,9.825460704,5.6,6.5,10
2008-07-01,8.825302338,10.11048527,5.8,6.7,10.5
2008-08-01,8.970687834,10.24248374,6.1,7.1,10.8
2008-09-01,9.057689545,10.38364527,6.1,7.1,11.1
2008-10-01,9.196251946,10.62563188,6.5,7.5,11.8
2008-11-01,9.447588814,10.98705369,6.8,8,12.7
2008-12-01,9.721235061,11.42201353,7.3,8.4,13.6
2009-01-01,10.15173383,11.88203367,7.8,9,14.1
2009-02-01,10.37120324,12.23182495,8.3,9.5,15.1
2009-03-01,10.5658377,12.50501364,8.7,10,15.8
2009-04-01,10.66308486,12.51935118,9,10.2,15.9
2009-05-01,10.86235676,12.79326209,9.4,10.7,16.5
2009-06-01,10.90185192,12.83009914,9.5,10.7,16.5
2009-07-01,10.73934455,12.67089255,9.5,10.7,16.4
2009-08-01,10.75274668,12.67291166,9.6,10.9,16.7
2009-09-01,10.82448547,12.6842236,9.8,11.1,16.7
2009-10-01,10.93711977,12.83662163,10,11.3,17.1
2009-11-01,10.79192687,12.69591579,9.9,11.3,17.1
2009-12-01,10.85581365,12.76161663,9.9,11.3,17.2
2010-01-01,10.76438823,12.57409755,9.8,11.2,16.6
2010-02-01,10.77494414,12.65258093,9.8,11.2,17
2010-03-01,10.75116634,12.68881,9.9,11.2,17.1
2010-04-01,10.59976098,12.51900658,9.9,11.4,17.2
2010-05-01,10.48781874,12.34705707,9.6,11,16.7
2010-06-01,10.409993,12.23252076,9.4,10.9,16.4
2010-07-01,10.47400585,12.31346351,9.4,10.9,16.4
2010-08-01,10.54486024,12.3906943,9.5,10.9,16.5
2010-09-01,10.57553538,12.47122394,9.5,11,16.9
2010-10-01,10.52838183,12.38658621,9.4,11,16.6
2010-11-01,10.67444964,12.5131175,9.8,11.3,16.9
2010-12-01,10.47803466,12.34028735,9.3,10.8,16.6
2011-01-01,10.39544832,12.17637123,9.1,10.6,16.1
2011-02-01,10.3412222,12.11397548,9,10.6,16
2011-03-01,10.2569609,12.06762946,9,10.4,16
2011-04-01,10.37472929,12.18674872,9.1,10.6,16.1
2011-05-01,10.31136929,12.11187254,9,10.4,15.9
2011-06-01,10.41820059,12.19411762,9.1,10.7,16.1
2011-07-01,10.40161758,12.16838129,9,10.6,15.9
2011-08-01,10.33750773,12.15148812,9,10.5,16.1
2011-09-01,10.30290378,12.14613579,9,10.5,16.4
2011-10-01,10.25737025,12.06152845,8.8,10.3,15.8
2011-11-01,10.17960833,11.92540475,8.6,10.2,15.6
2011-12-01,10.094843,11.79233448,8.5,10,15.2
2012-01-01,9.98155422,11.68546564,8.3,9.8,15.1
2012-02-01,9.961558754,11.66992982,8.3,9.8,15
2012-03-01,9.965607383,11.57922478,8.2,9.6,14.6
2012-04-01,9.966706732,11.60387603,8.2,9.6,14.7
2012-05-01,9.927396058,11.60955928,8.2,9.7,14.8
2012-06-01,9.964410818,11.63763641,8.2,9.6,14.7
2012-07-01,9.973656317,11.65357482,8.2,9.6,14.7
2012-08-01,10.02686172,11.65100538,8.1,9.6,14.6
2012-09-01,9.796256043,11.51134075,7.8,9.3,14.8
2012-10-01,9.772871279,11.46846455,7.8,9.2,14.4
2012-11-01,9.827219241,11.49245138,7.7,9.2,14.4
2012-12-01,9.880235975,11.50944173,7.9,9.4,14.4
2013-01-01,9.99353236,11.62242732,8,9.3,14.5
2013-02-01,9.810291218,11.4844016,7.7,9.2,14.3
2013-03-01,9.747035076,11.32252402,7.5,9,13.9
2013-04-01,9.757004543,11.38453847,7.6,9,14
2013-05-01,9.757819799,11.36981676,7.5,8.8,13.9
2013-06-01,9.731918559,11.38693558,7.5,9.1,14.2
2013-07-01,9.573938789,11.22087318,7.3,8.7,13.8
2013-08-01,9.465607347,11.04742036,7.2,8.6,13.6
2013-09-01,9.462334401,11.03939738,7.2,8.6,13.5
2013-10-01,9.542042496,11.19208804,7.2,8.6,13.6
2013-11-01,9.326029154,10.89396553,6.9,8.2,13.1
2013-12-01,9.25791193,10.84909336,6.7,8.1,13.1
2014-01-01,9.223527177,10.67254087,6.6,8,12.6
2014-02-01,9.241583432,10.72522103,6.7,8,12.6
2014-03-01,9.232035777,10.730754,6.7,8,12.7
2014-04-01,9.060074607,10.57848301,6.2,7.6,12.3
2014-05-01,9.128883259,10.57818328,6.3,7.7,12.3
2014-06-01,9.027617454,10.53227434,6.1,7.3,12
2014-07-01,9.066738132,10.55499547,6.2,7.4,12.1
2014-08-01,9.070249248,10.52948557,6.1,7.4,12
2014-09-01,9.007191927,10.40788642,5.9,7.2,11.7
2014-10-01,8.877407259,10.33060632,5.7,7.1,11.5
2014-11-01,8.935874339,10.32285936,5.8,7.1,11.4
2014-12-01,8.807364963,10.1842549,5.6,6.9,11.2
2015-01-01,8.844368065,10.18246602,5.7,6.9,11.2
2015-02-01,8.792552539,10.13118154,5.5,6.7,10.9
2015-03-01,8.738646519,10.0602118,5.4,6.7,10.9
2015-04-01,8.735827813,10.05460708,5.4,6.7,10.9
2015-05-01,8.69392184,9.996328737,5.6,6.8,10.9
2015-06-01,8.665673829,9.940475895,5.3,6.4,10.4
2015-07-01,8.663406847,9.905691183,5.2,6.3,10.3
2015-08-01,8.452333658,9.761986146,5.1,6.2,10.2
2015-09-01,8.551967195,9.732292255,5,6.2,10
2015-10-01,8.551857361,9.737223979,5,6.2,9.8
2015-11-01,8.513012923,9.737549602,5.1,6.1,10
2015-12-01,8.443552543,9.649828681,5,6.1,9.9
2016-01-01,8.37120113,9.536205207,4.8,6,9.7
2016-02-01,8.370825462,9.560706772,4.9,5.9,9.6
2016-03-01,8.367900086,9.56772652,5,6.1,9.8
2016-04-01,8.422831651,9.608021164,5.1,6.1,9.9
2016-05-01,8.324995949,9.585883526,4.8,5.9,9.9
2016-06-01,8.312241404,9.443621007,4.9,5.9,9.5
2016-07-01,8.325796718,9.483704615,4.8,5.9,9.6
2016-08-01,8.259839508,9.478899785,4.9,5.9,9.6
2016-09-01,8.439597937,9.579682933,5,6.1,9.7
2016-10-01,8.432821658,9.6260232,4.9,5.9,9.6
2016-11-01,8.277412011,9.395669738,4.7,5.9,9.4
2016-12-01,8.269184982,9.371418151,4.7,5.7,9.2
2017-01-01,8.233990273,9.364014746,4.7,5.6,9.2
2017-02-01,8.16297101,9.277370166,4.6,5.6,9
2017-03-01,8.089865032,9.17432255,4.4,5.4,8.8
2017-04-01,8.047398916,9.086358865,4.4,5.4,8.6
2017-05-01,8.03458017,9.049402146,4.4,5.3,8.5
2017-06-01,7.950082692,8.979830597,4.3,5.2,8.5
2017-07-01,7.909854554,8.931574918,4.3,5.2,8.5
2017-08-01,7.982075871,9.031399513,4.4,5.3,8.6
2017-09-01,7.867948783,8.846391988,4.3,5.2,8.3
2017-10-01,7.843013171,8.797108941,4.2,5.1,8.1
2017-11-01,7.86328254,8.790759192,4.2,5.1,8
2017-12-01,7.860076562,8.833492587,4.1,5.1,8.1
2018-01-01,7.800793429,8.789510492,4,4.9,8
2018-02-01,7.76815679,8.793567192,4.1,5,8.1
2018-03-01,7.773993204,8.764568598,4,4.9,8
2018-04-01,7.752291852,8.724416513,4,4.8,7.9
2018-05-01,7.678296042,8.629168916,3.8,4.7,7.8
2018-06-01,7.700101561,8.62222101,4,4.8,7.8
2018-07-01,7.610076134,8.482613429,3.8,4.7,7.5
2018-08-01,7.662574348,8.509394634,3.8,4.7,7.4
2018-09-01,7.618725719,8.47690271,3.7,4.7,7.5
2018-10-01,7.621991056,8.491207005,3.8,4.7,7.5
2018-11-01,7.598066805,8.487994399,3.8,4.7,7.6
2018-12-01,7.647036573,8.549289972,3.9,4.8,7.6
2019-01-01,7.722320777,8.746239173,4,4.9,8
2019-02-01,7.618195919,8.501804903,3.8,4.6,7.2
2019-03-01,7.618384709,8.525275345,3.8,4.7,7.4
2019-04-01,7.530364722,8.456337762,3.7,4.5,7.4
2019-05-01,7.489272858,8.324190645,3.6,4.5,7.1
2019-06-01,7.485335327,8.332122512,3.6,4.5,7.2
2019-07-01,7.567671586,8.308150938,3.7,4.5,6.9
2019-08-01,7.425529775,8.244312217,3.6,4.5,7.2
2019-09-01,7.284518818,8.068751789,3.5,4.2,6.9
2019-10-01,7.258874538,8.07241142,3.6,4.3,6.9
2019-11-01,7.310964527,8.100357887,3.6,4.3,6.8
2019-12-01,7.289695916,8.092535956,3.6,4.3,6.8
2020-01-01,7.336076922,8.196126577,3.6,4.4,6.9
2020-02-01,7.372985736,8.268077998,3.5,4.3,7
2020-03-01,8.14470889,9.294883657,4.4,5.3,8.8
2020-04-01,15.54029265,17.74051801,14.8,16,22.9
2020-05-01,14.27795726,16.35323369,13.2,14.5,21.1
2020-06-01,12.52197459,14.25259527,11,12.4,18
2020-07-01,11.92585862,13.48983356,10.2,11.3,16.5
2020-08-01,10.62273453,12.01439259,8.4,9.6,14.2
2020-09-01,10.32289712,11.49057,7.8,8.9,12.8
2020-10-01,9.290980799,10.54671034,6.8,8,12
2020-11-01,9.249931472,10.49665067,6.7,7.8,11.9
2020-12-01,9.227215286,10.40658383,6.7,7.9,11.7
2021-01-01,8.918572785,10.07921461,6.4,7.5,11.2
2021-02-01,8.932133142,10.14648526,6.2,7.4,11.1
2021-03-01,8.793911987,9.94560177,6.1,7.2,10.8
2021-04-01,8.788384209,9.831998464,6.1,7.1,10.4
2021-05-01,8.685688208,9.686403326,5.8,6.9,10.1
2021-06-01,8.574445502,9.47052624,5.9,7,9.8
2021-07-01,8.381403382,9.215872096,5.4,6.5,9.2
2021-08-01,8.173382896,8.973983088,5.1,6,8.8
2021-09-01,8.045781604,8.856315118,4.7,5.7,8.4
2021-10-01,7.90910196,8.722329396,4.5,5.5,8.1
2021-11-01,7.748650745,8.545387533,4.1,5.1,7.7
2021-12-01,7.619263697,8.375312953,3.9,4.9,7.3
2022-01-01,7.756866834,8.499676222,4,4.9,7.2
2022-02-01,7.584844338,8.413361315,3.8,4.7,7.2
2022-03-01,7.589787288,8.40776566,3.6,4.5,7
2022-04-01,7.606594521,8.396930249,3.7,4.6,7.1
2022-05-01,7.484210057,8.290888355,3.6,4.5,7.1
2022-06-01,7.486652054,8.188490613,3.6,4.5,6.7
2022-07-01,7.48639215,8.227782143,3.5,4.4,6.8
2022-08-01,7.449435969,8.188169055,3.6,4.5,7
2022-09-01,7.481328599,8.175305315,3.5,4.4,6.7
2022-10-01,7.487607297,8.154381591,3.6,4.5,6.7
2022-11-01,7.481618618,8.168111715,3.6,4.5,6.7
2022-12-01,7.360599891,8.097132691,3.5,4.2,6.5
2023-01-01,7.293738773,8.079029707,3.4,4.2,6.7
2023-02-01,7.313996512,8.109547824,3.6,4.4,6.8
2023-03-01,7.351418557,8.14035306,3.5,4.3,6.7
2023-04-01,7.312196676,8.062837064,3.4,4.3,6.6
2023-05-01,7.446932607,8.131686748,3.7,4.5,6.8
2023-06-01,7.381699637,8.179033668,3.6,4.4,6.9
2023-07-01,7.353062001,8.108963021,3.5,4.3,6.7
2023-08-01,7.418270544,8.17131293,3.8,4.6,7.1
2023-09-01,7.463316738,8.198951505,3.8,4.6,7
2023-10-01,7.452189328,8.236279951,3.8,4.6,7.2
2023-11-01,7.46931002,8.208660352,3.7,4.6,7
2023-12-01,7.526911639,8.314468373,3.7,4.6,7.1
2024-01-01,7.470545469,8.310554721,3.7,4.6,7.2
2024-02-01,7.573108425,8.41273993,3.9,4.7,7.3
2024-03-01,7.506335172,8.324302076,3.8,4.7,7.3
2024-04-01,7.499095524,8.35249788,3.9,4.8,7.4
2024-05-01,7.592767887,8.401196788,4,4.8,7.4
2024-06-01,7.536301493,8.332480522,4.1,4.9,7.4
2024-07-01,7.732388076,8.589744457,4.3,5.1,7.8
2024-08-01,7.723866796,8.588519223,4.2,5,7.9
2024-09-01,7.621671534,8.466445647,4.1,5,7.7
2024-10-01,7.630526612,8.466326075,4.1,5,7.7
Careers at the Fed

Life at the Richmond Fed

While our work is serious, our workplace is more casual—from the way we dress to the activities we share. It’s a friendly, inclusive place to be.
You'll Love Our Benefits

Our approach is about enhancing work and life experiences. Think generous paid days off, a pension and retirement savings plan, wellness offerings, development opportunities and more.