Data & Analysis
Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index
April 19, 2018
The NEI was 7.9 percent in March 2018, unchanged from February 2018. It has declined by 0.3 percentage points since March 2017.
Month,HKL Nonemployment Index,HKL Nonemployment Index Including PTER,Civilian Unemployment Rate (U-3),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached (U-5),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached and PTER (U-6) 1994-01-01,10.04882777,11.1156097,6.6,8.1,11.8 1994-02-01,9.878808728,11.0393364,6.6,7.9,11.4 1994-03-01,9.776793294,10.9875174,6.5,7.7,11.4 1994-04-01,9.64680933,10.82419169,6.4,7.6,11.2 1994-05-01,9.400411236,10.64822278,6.1,7.2,10.8 1994-06-01,9.430086981,10.63715519,6.1,7.3,10.9 1994-07-01,9.369132273,10.52586289,6.1,7.3,10.7 1994-08-01,9.313192636,10.43039756,6,7.2,10.5 1994-09-01,9.226412643,10.33435252,5.9,7.1,10.4 1994-10-01,9.149548417,10.28803118,5.8,6.9,10.3 1994-11-01,9.053952737,10.19948763,5.6,6.7,10.1 1994-12-01,8.968548487,10.08577753,5.5,6.7,10 1995-01-01,8.985998342,10.18000777,5.6,6.8,10.2 1995-02-01,8.917913142,10.00287606,5.4,6.6,9.9 1995-03-01,8.957577419,10.05735088,5.4,6.6,9.9 1995-04-01,9.050166577,10.13520354,5.8,6.7,10 1995-05-01,9.05924217,10.21730405,5.6,6.6,10 1995-06-01,9.029256303,10.14608778,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-07-01,9.013038206,10.14508555,5.7,6.7,10.1 1995-08-01,9.049606134,10.19363129,5.7,6.7,10 1995-09-01,9.042427257,10.19153573,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-10-01,9.034527776,10.15497273,5.5,6.6,9.9 1995-11-01,9.024295443,10.15591683,5.6,6.6,10 1995-12-01,9.041483378,10.15042758,5.6,6.7,10 1996-01-01,9.01117992,10.05364897,5.6,6.8,9.8 1996-02-01,8.990603177,10.07790324,5.5,6.7,10 1996-03-01,8.927528222,10.02025527,5.5,6.6,9.8 1996-04-01,8.92140668,9.999872887,5.6,6.6,9.9 1996-05-01,8.911283516,10.00843557,5.6,6.5,9.7 1996-06-01,8.787964987,9.857245935,5.3,6.4,9.6 1996-07-01,8.792022992,9.896752097,5.5,6.5,9.7 1996-08-01,8.704674795,9.803282235,5.1,6.1,9.3 1996-09-01,8.643311666,9.726503068,5.2,6.2,9.4 1996-10-01,8.689254007,9.771848152,5.2,6.2,9.4 1996-11-01,8.77321076,9.777538783,5.4,6.4,9.3 1996-12-01,8.695217452,9.77546458,5.4,6.3,9.5 1997-01-01,8.691257352,9.753697978,5.3,6.4,9.4 1997-02-01,8.69188569,9.729248912,5.2,6.3,9.4 1997-03-01,8.604205139,9.613023849,5.2,6.1,9.1 1997-04-01,8.504377598,9.546334726,5.1,6,9.2 1997-05-01,8.480555593,9.488318359,4.9,5.8,8.8 1997-06-01,8.452357786,9.434364148,5,5.9,8.8 1997-07-01,8.318994876,9.33200545,4.9,5.7,8.6 1997-08-01,8.281894878,9.279526364,4.8,5.7,8.6 1997-09-01,8.361344317,9.33943782,4.9,5.8,8.7 1997-10-01,8.257720112,9.235516175,4.7,5.6,8.4 1997-11-01,8.228764808,9.199008551,4.6,5.5,8.3 1997-12-01,8.251626703,9.195056002,4.7,5.7,8.4 1998-01-01,8.170679792,9.146993331,4.6,5.6,8.4 1998-02-01,8.122302246,9.065324557,4.6,5.6,8.4 1998-03-01,8.172850649,9.109930668,4.7,5.6,8.4 1998-04-01,8.00778501,8.890321331,4.3,5.2,7.9 1998-05-01,8.01369624,8.935536885,4.4,5.2,7.9 1998-06-01,8.084749465,9.007293758,4.5,5.3,8 1998-07-01,8.143799953,9.092466538,4.5,5.4,8.1 1998-08-01,8.116989719,8.985138139,4.5,5.3,7.9 1998-09-01,8.068471227,8.907004103,4.6,5.4,7.9 1998-10-01,8.081917617,8.921559878,4.5,5.3,7.8 1998-11-01,7.986948984,8.791436585,4.4,5.2,7.6 1998-12-01,7.959853365,8.785197755,4.4,5.1,7.6 1999-01-01,7.944528085,8.784369915,4.3,5.2,7.7 1999-02-01,7.984208693,8.811535964,4.4,5.3,7.7 1999-03-01,7.934631147,8.788814535,4.2,5,7.6 1999-04-01,8.118888199,8.912878873,4.3,5.2,7.6 1999-05-01,7.949104428,8.782170683,4.2,5,7.4 1999-06-01,7.973701269,8.793357094,4.3,5.1,7.5 1999-07-01,7.919598397,8.746250062,4.3,5.1,7.5 1999-08-01,7.891227015,8.692987418,4.2,5,7.3 1999-09-01,7.90919294,8.700468655,4.2,5,7.4 1999-10-01,7.804243507,8.566799532,4.1,4.9,7.2 1999-11-01,7.77604224,8.534562671,4.1,4.8,7.1 1999-12-01,7.726610814,8.507946688,4,4.8,7.1 2000-01-01,7.67074307,8.425855499,4,4.8,7.1 2000-02-01,7.785047442,8.531796414,4.1,5,7.2 2000-03-01,7.809538324,8.569165156,4,4.8,7.1 2000-04-01,7.684228751,8.410366787,3.8,4.7,6.9 2000-05-01,7.856720861,8.645845986,4,4.8,7.1 2000-06-01,7.700484411,8.451240833,4,4.7,7 2000-07-01,7.714695896,8.47022583,4,4.8,7 2000-08-01,7.745279546,8.519460989,4.1,4.8,7.1 2000-09-01,7.710817098,8.469953126,3.9,4.7,7 2000-10-01,7.695616842,8.447051145,3.9,4.6,6.8 2000-11-01,7.730440161,8.520255076,3.9,4.7,7.1 2000-12-01,7.714773107,8.465114097,3.9,4.7,6.9 2001-01-01,7.806352069,8.579656238,4.2,5,7.3 2001-02-01,7.837771662,8.600352647,4.2,5.1,7.4 2001-03-01,7.897258752,8.660485139,4.3,5,7.3 2001-04-01,8.049558917,8.80114117,4.4,5.1,7.4 2001-05-01,8.137200477,8.952809603,4.3,5.1,7.5 2001-06-01,8.217733481,9.099078969,4.5,5.3,7.9 2001-07-01,8.172748702,9.014746564,4.6,5.4,7.8 2001-08-01,8.489693881,9.303129045,4.9,5.8,8.1 2001-09-01,8.459152339,9.438201433,5,5.8,8.7 2001-10-01,8.722855025,9.747111741,5.3,6.2,9.3 2001-11-01,8.810924925,9.779538144,5.5,6.4,9.4 2001-12-01,8.921056723,9.928885103,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-01-01,8.998855366,9.93168798,5.7,6.7,9.5 2002-02-01,8.900950361,9.877335852,5.7,6.6,9.5 2002-03-01,8.885273164,9.830463409,5.7,6.6,9.4 2002-04-01,8.953935607,9.907324814,5.9,6.8,9.7 2002-05-01,8.877334312,9.832431478,5.8,6.7,9.5 2002-06-01,8.867098564,9.804610281,5.8,6.7,9.5 2002-07-01,8.884454818,9.852626716,5.8,6.8,9.6 2002-08-01,8.820237368,9.846616433,5.7,6.7,9.6 2002-09-01,8.784145384,9.775766635,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-10-01,8.758700341,9.749497799,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-11-01,8.900193662,9.86008457,5.9,6.8,9.7 2002-12-01,8.831131243,9.809334412,6,6.9,9.8 2003-01-01,8.878370585,9.919796228,5.8,6.9,10 2003-02-01,8.903646368,9.984570026,5.9,6.9,10.2 2003-03-01,9.016804272,10.0758937,5.9,6.9,10 2003-04-01,8.970006815,10.04494518,6,6.9,10.2 2003-05-01,9.04513054,10.09218665,6.1,7,10.1 2003-06-01,9.084463934,10.1316247,6.3,7.2,10.3 2003-07-01,9.053749379,10.11791887,6.2,7.1,10.3 2003-08-01,9.029495781,10.06741154,6.1,7.1,10.1 2003-09-01,9.016495023,10.11826861,6.1,7.1,10.4 2003-10-01,9.004858109,10.07608079,6,7,10.2 2003-11-01,8.868473619,9.931923526,5.8,6.8,10 2003-12-01,8.856215038,9.923690478,5.7,6.6,9.8 2004-01-01,8.797433387,9.858546722,5.7,6.8,9.9 2004-02-01,8.750529665,9.761140055,5.6,6.6,9.7 2004-03-01,8.876295507,9.945185365,5.8,6.8,10 2004-04-01,8.749378349,9.760053133,5.6,6.5,9.6 2004-05-01,8.742569227,9.780426836,5.6,6.6,9.6 2004-06-01,8.719190594,9.719140543,5.6,6.6,9.5 2004-07-01,8.710781084,9.712205391,5.5,6.5,9.5 2004-08-01,8.680957633,9.710299604,5.4,6.4,9.4 2004-09-01,8.665496687,9.670614812,5.4,6.4,9.4 2004-10-01,8.701786996,9.764408613,5.5,6.5,9.7 2004-11-01,8.654281103,9.645774112,5.4,6.3,9.4 2004-12-01,8.641168313,9.629997935,5.4,6.3,9.2 2005-01-01,8.591981367,9.565770913,5.3,6.4,9.3 2005-02-01,8.652157475,9.59689893,5.4,6.4,9.3 2005-03-01,8.576208923,9.556100741,5.2,6.2,9.1 2005-04-01,8.537013368,9.463840902,5.2,6.1,8.9 2005-05-01,8.457241995,9.421823343,5.1,6,8.9 2005-06-01,8.489801226,9.474615863,5,6,9 2005-07-01,8.402296972,9.376579544,5,5.9,8.8 2005-08-01,8.316278775,9.330308466,4.9,5.9,8.9 2005-09-01,8.46450961,9.499589983,5,5.9,9 2005-10-01,8.42401923,9.363422988,5,5.9,8.7 2005-11-01,8.486621251,9.394604374,5,5.9,8.7 2005-12-01,8.442116689,9.344042213,4.9,5.8,8.6 2006-01-01,8.329119314,9.228983465,4.7,5.7,8.4 2006-02-01,8.323313544,9.242597253,4.8,5.7,8.4 2006-03-01,8.22053368,9.095810686,4.7,5.6,8.2 2006-04-01,8.356496629,9.183802035,4.7,5.5,8.1 2006-05-01,8.177170691,9.081726724,4.6,5.5,8.2 2006-06-01,8.170216555,9.111635107,4.6,5.6,8.4 2006-07-01,8.229625816,9.169057071,4.7,5.7,8.5 2006-08-01,8.196823807,9.134632784,4.7,5.7,8.4 2006-09-01,8.183348795,9.100243006,4.5,5.3,8 2006-10-01,8.147667518,9.09726624,4.4,5.3,8.2 2006-11-01,8.196842405,9.090501598,4.5,5.4,8.1 2006-12-01,8.096893283,9.002861195,4.4,5.2,7.9 2007-01-01,8.172511945,9.09059279,4.6,5.6,8.4 2007-02-01,8.144283395,9.052863912,4.5,5.4,8.2 2007-03-01,7.991736915,8.915669827,4.4,5.3,8 2007-04-01,8.272892235,9.176292312,4.5,5.4,8.2 2007-05-01,8.224283253,9.19427321,4.4,5.3,8.2 2007-06-01,8.191153101,9.122663534,4.6,5.5,8.3 2007-07-01,8.210742465,9.161459112,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-08-01,8.238943281,9.250241989,4.6,5.5,8.4 2007-09-01,8.284108883,9.279977874,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-10-01,8.280534155,9.220996244,4.7,5.6,8.4 2007-11-01,8.19811383,9.149297886,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-12-01,8.369709089,9.351454432,5,5.8,8.8 2008-01-01,8.384136117,9.422585075,5,6,9.2 2008-02-01,8.374127618,9.417720593,4.9,5.9,9 2008-03-01,8.492509616,9.546118852,5.1,5.9,9.1 2008-04-01,8.522824642,9.607886821,5,5.8,9.2 2008-05-01,8.675569444,9.810952441,5.4,6.3,9.7 2008-06-01,8.730462284,9.916361198,5.6,6.5,10.1 2008-07-01,8.913725768,10.19863289,5.8,6.7,10.5 2008-08-01,9.059603094,10.33148515,6.1,7.1,10.8 2008-09-01,9.146876526,10.472394,6.1,7.1,11 2008-10-01,9.285460708,10.7136444,6.5,7.5,11.8 2008-11-01,9.537397277,11.07611351,6.8,8,12.6 2008-12-01,9.810649981,11.51187853,7.3,8.4,13.6 2009-01-01,10.24312473,11.97301975,7.8,9.1,14.2 2009-02-01,10.46055572,12.32193655,8.3,9.5,15.2 2009-03-01,10.65454479,12.59496909,8.7,9.9,15.8 2009-04-01,10.75282125,12.60814969,9,10.2,15.9 2009-05-01,10.95243591,12.88345543,9.4,10.6,16.5 2009-06-01,10.9955789,12.92682819,9.5,10.8,16.5 2009-07-01,10.83333797,12.76444108,9.5,10.8,16.4 2009-08-01,10.84578871,12.76405713,9.6,10.9,16.7 2009-09-01,10.91627567,12.77458185,9.8,11,16.7 2009-10-01,11.02892707,12.92702778,10,11.4,17.1 2009-11-01,10.88424091,12.78634127,9.9,11.2,17.1 2009-12-01,10.94890946,12.85478953,9.9,11.3,17.1 2010-01-01,10.8591193,12.6734699,9.8,11.3,16.7 2010-02-01,10.8687164,12.74657598,9.8,11.3,17 2010-03-01,10.84206904,12.78155362,9.9,11.2,17.1 2010-04-01,10.69134351,12.60970649,9.9,11.3,17.1 2010-05-01,10.58028544,12.43894076,9.6,10.9,16.6 2010-06-01,10.50748682,12.33353139,9.4,10.9,16.4 2010-07-01,10.5704111,12.4076816,9.4,11,16.4 2010-08-01,10.64117068,12.48187635,9.5,10.9,16.5 2010-09-01,10.66963827,12.56276285,9.5,10.9,16.8 2010-10-01,10.61893211,12.47705132,9.4,11,16.6 2010-11-01,10.76831205,12.60386434,9.8,11.2,16.9 2010-12-01,10.57276652,12.43322686,9.3,10.9,16.6 2011-01-01,10.49011002,12.28596883,9.1,10.8,16.2 2011-02-01,10.43590671,12.20715354,9,10.6,16 2011-03-01,10.34989418,12.16181,9,10.4,15.9 2011-04-01,10.47012186,12.28114786,9.1,10.5,16.1 2011-05-01,10.40922592,12.2082989,9,10.3,15.8 2011-06-01,10.51844566,12.29819382,9.1,10.7,16.1 2011-07-01,10.50236606,12.26517276,9,10.6,15.9 2011-08-01,10.44086459,12.24414081,9,10.5,16.1 2011-09-01,10.39776058,12.23674667,9,10.5,16.4 2011-10-01,10.34311633,12.15238636,8.8,10.3,15.8 2011-11-01,10.27591163,12.01719456,8.6,10.1,15.5 2011-12-01,10.18964707,11.88363899,8.5,10,15.2 2012-01-01,10.07937303,11.80768371,8.3,9.9,15.2 2012-02-01,10.05655831,11.76177163,8.3,9.8,15 2012-03-01,10.06091724,11.67507384,8.2,9.6,14.5 2012-04-01,10.06301139,11.6985498,8.2,9.6,14.6 2012-05-01,10.02539894,11.70565538,8.2,9.6,14.7 2012-06-01,10.06154634,11.73913037,8.2,9.6,14.8 2012-07-01,10.0710095,11.74768502,8.2,9.6,14.8 2012-08-01,10.1438163,11.74600676,8.1,9.6,14.6 2012-09-01,9.894082748,11.60587748,7.8,9.3,14.8 2012-10-01,9.853210735,11.55976653,7.8,9.2,14.4 2012-11-01,9.922932858,11.58383233,7.7,9.2,14.4 2012-12-01,9.976911674,11.60163543,7.9,9.4,14.4 2013-01-01,10.0890708,11.74889093,8,9.4,14.6 2013-02-01,9.90632053,11.57689271,7.7,9.2,14.4 2013-03-01,9.844654389,11.42015113,7.5,8.9,13.8 2013-04-01,9.856273723,11.47973264,7.6,8.9,14 2013-05-01,9.855174955,11.46444681,7.5,8.8,13.8 2013-06-01,9.829956337,11.49391199,7.5,9.1,14.2 2013-07-01,9.672217036,11.3161701,7.3,8.7,13.8 2013-08-01,9.596451393,11.14137085,7.2,8.6,13.6 2013-09-01,9.55347674,11.13188633,7.2,8.6,13.5 2013-10-01,9.61623385,11.28540554,7.2,8.5,13.6 2013-11-01,9.424746722,10.98763831,6.9,8.2,13.1 2013-12-01,9.357946145,10.9444424,6.7,8.1,13.1 2014-01-01,9.32240562,10.80117848,6.6,8.1,12.7 2014-02-01,9.340514527,10.82164246,6.7,8,12.7 2014-03-01,9.327642033,10.82651149,6.7,8,12.7 2014-04-01,9.161417688,10.67400395,6.3,7.5,12.3 2014-05-01,9.227307539,10.67326733,6.3,7.5,12.1 2014-06-01,9.126048869,10.64288283,6.1,7.3,12 2014-07-01,9.160774139,10.64969729,6.2,7.5,12.1 2014-08-01,9.221305949,10.62842632,6.2,7.4,11.9 2014-09-01,9.088814598,10.49657794,5.9,7.3,11.7 2014-10-01,8.942654018,10.4187051,5.7,7,11.5 2014-11-01,9.031803292,10.41451339,5.8,7,11.4 2014-12-01,8.907413619,10.28025887,5.6,6.9,11.2 2015-01-01,8.946083695,10.30981709,5.7,7,11.3 2015-02-01,8.894271446,10.23192389,5.5,6.8,11 2015-03-01,8.838744597,10.16167551,5.5,6.7,10.9 2015-04-01,8.843002129,10.15352821,5.4,6.7,10.9 2015-05-01,8.788196147,10.08657116,5.5,6.6,10.8 2015-06-01,8.7689883,10.05819383,5.3,6.4,10.4 2015-07-01,8.748683588,9.993521338,5.2,6.4,10.3 2015-08-01,8.619164093,9.869223376,5.1,6.2,10.2 2015-09-01,8.625069538,9.818664775,5,6.2,10 2015-10-01,8.61280215,9.827041085,5,6.2,9.8 2015-11-01,8.603935087,9.82666593,5,6.1,9.9 2015-12-01,8.543552733,9.747730521,5,6.1,9.9 2016-01-01,8.475391098,9.656884199,4.9,6.2,9.9 2016-02-01,8.473144275,9.660049562,4.9,6,9.7 2016-03-01,8.470244305,9.670974685,5,6.1,9.8 2016-04-01,8.532838167,9.708815693,5,6,9.8 2016-05-01,8.415734736,9.66865091,4.7,5.7,9.8 2016-06-01,8.423599778,9.565305893,4.9,6,9.5 2016-07-01,8.395898485,9.56406048,4.9,6,9.7 2016-08-01,8.44143341,9.602247877,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-09-01,8.497232737,9.654862378,5,6,9.7 2016-10-01,8.488313616,9.716787068,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-11-01,8.356705501,9.48198919,4.6,5.8,9.3 2016-12-01,8.37060844,9.471658307,4.7,5.7,9.1 2017-01-01,8.343700279,9.47872189,4.8,5.8,9.4 2017-02-01,8.263269162,9.370089856,4.7,5.7,9.2 2017-03-01,8.193984066,9.274233669,4.5,5.4,8.8 2017-04-01,8.161251828,9.18526356,4.4,5.3,8.6 2017-05-01,8.122345364,9.123446029,4.3,5.2,8.4 2017-06-01,8.072517673,9.106609412,4.3,5.3,8.5 2017-07-01,7.969528856,9.005113448,4.3,5.3,8.5 2017-08-01,8.175087293,9.179836522,4.4,5.4,8.6 2017-09-01,7.917736875,8.923168251,4.2,5.1,8.3 2017-10-01,7.896348408,8.894752213,4.1,5,8 2017-11-01,7.931061076,8.876846067,4.1,5,8 2017-12-01,7.961753621,8.933946789,4.1,5.1,8.1 2018-01-01,7.920030907,8.901857356,4.1,5.1,8.2 2018-02-01,7.867751963,8.874555127,4.1,5.1,8.2 2018-03-01,7.874314044,8.851865543,4.1,4.9,8
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Life at the Richmond Fed
While our work is serious, our workplace is more casual—from the way we dress to the activities we share. It’s a friendly, inclusive place to be.
You'll Love Our Benefits
Our approach is about enhancing work and life experiences. Think generous paid days off, a pension and retirement savings plan, wellness offerings, development opportunities and more.
