Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

Our Regional Focus

Through research and engagement, we work to strengthen the economy by helping people and communities reach their economic potential. Learn more about our analysis of the issues facing our region, including our efforts in support of rural areas and small towns.
Workforce Development

Access to Credit

Regional Differences

Latest Economic Research

Publications

The Borrower of Last Resort: What Explains the Rise of ON RRP Facility Usage?

Economic Brief
December 2021, No. 21-43
Kyler Kirk and Russell Wong
Regional Economy

Snapshot, January 2022

Snapshot
Jan. 7, 2022
Recent reports on the Fifth District's economy reflected expansion.
Data & Analysis

Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index

Jan. 14, 2022
The Non-Employment Index was 7.7 percent in December 2021, declining from November 2021.
        Month,HKL Nonemployment Index,HKL Nonemployment Index Including PTER,Civilian Unemployment Rate (U-3),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached (U-5),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached and PTER (U-6)
1994-01-01,10.05151802,11.10526679,6.6,8,11.7
1994-02-01,9.875076855,11.03351278,6.6,7.9,11.4
1994-03-01,9.768871505,10.98391561,6.5,7.8,11.5
1994-04-01,9.63541615,10.82114083,6.4,7.7,11.3
1994-05-01,9.423465146,10.64422011,6.1,7.3,10.9
1994-06-01,9.417068881,10.63281636,6.1,7.3,11
1994-07-01,9.358876153,10.52085554,6.1,7.4,10.8
1994-08-01,9.307658058,10.42702828,6,7.3,10.6
1994-09-01,9.217908918,10.32919219,5.9,7.2,10.4
1994-10-01,9.143214999,10.283568,5.8,7,10.4
1994-11-01,9.042825089,10.19431225,5.6,6.8,10.1
1994-12-01,8.96280998,10.08137663,5.5,6.7,10.1
1995-01-01,8.983170549,10.16671634,5.6,6.7,10.1
1995-02-01,8.912522763,9.995740621,5.4,6.6,9.9
1995-03-01,8.949376432,10.05267898,5.4,6.6,9.9
1995-04-01,9.037987057,10.13007645,5.8,6.8,10.1
1995-05-01,9.077715076,10.21216115,5.6,6.8,10.1
1995-06-01,9.01630686,10.14047936,5.6,6.7,10.1
1995-07-01,9.00218907,10.13859118,5.7,6.8,10.1
1995-08-01,9.042938162,10.1885051,5.7,6.8,10.1
1995-09-01,9.03310345,10.18544071,5.6,6.7,10.2
1995-10-01,9.026318065,10.14827867,5.5,6.7,10
1995-11-01,9.013197802,10.14999925,5.6,6.7,10.1
1995-12-01,9.034725215,10.14481643,5.6,6.7,10
1996-01-01,9.005430535,10.04006768,5.6,6.8,9.8
1996-02-01,8.983473097,10.0694862,5.5,6.7,10
1996-03-01,8.917708713,10.01290905,5.5,6.6,9.9
1996-04-01,8.909387927,9.992135615,5.6,6.7,10
1996-05-01,8.922802993,10.00336413,5.6,6.6,9.8
1996-06-01,8.776757092,9.85050852,5.3,6.5,9.7
1996-07-01,8.781905441,9.889298322,5.5,6.5,9.7
1996-08-01,8.694581378,9.793896402,5.1,6.2,9.4
1996-09-01,8.631113999,9.717366793,5.2,6.2,9.5
1996-10-01,8.680577243,9.76397,5.2,6.2,9.5
1996-11-01,8.760995605,9.769037062,5.4,6.4,9.4
1996-12-01,8.686452654,9.766800536,5.4,6.4,9.6
1997-01-01,8.683477182,9.743701356,5.3,6.3,9.4
1997-02-01,8.68391573,9.720016613,5.2,6.2,9.3
1997-03-01,8.593816243,9.603798384,5.2,6.2,9.1
1997-04-01,8.492721331,9.536012497,5.1,6.1,9.3
1997-05-01,8.482576176,9.480404946,4.9,5.9,8.9
1997-06-01,8.441056287,9.42503124,5,6,8.9
1997-07-01,8.309310586,9.323503709,4.9,5.8,8.7
1997-08-01,8.271300543,9.269014779,4.8,5.8,8.7
1997-09-01,8.348326601,9.328847528,4.9,5.8,8.7
1997-10-01,8.246033618,9.223917421,4.7,5.6,8.5
1997-11-01,8.216661852,9.189482604,4.6,5.6,8.4
1997-12-01,8.24231558,9.185022831,4.7,5.7,8.5
1998-01-01,8.161721727,9.140574391,4.6,5.6,8.4
1998-02-01,8.113556612,9.055563401,4.6,5.5,8.3
1998-03-01,8.162235148,9.09946039,4.7,5.6,8.4
1998-04-01,7.996148956,8.877388437,4.3,5.2,8
1998-05-01,8.007873352,8.925391459,4.4,5.3,8
1998-06-01,8.075763073,8.998128866,4.5,5.4,8.1
1998-07-01,8.1345313,9.083141964,4.5,5.5,8.2
1998-08-01,8.1076865,8.975449901,4.5,5.4,7.9
1998-09-01,8.056861259,8.897389835,4.6,5.5,8
1998-10-01,8.072533105,8.912061346,4.5,5.4,7.9
1998-11-01,7.975188336,8.780742011,4.4,5.3,7.7
1998-12-01,7.950629748,8.774817352,4.4,5.2,7.6
1999-01-01,7.932967164,8.778879458,4.3,5.2,7.6
1999-02-01,7.974138056,8.80029424,4.4,5.2,7.7
1999-03-01,7.923508979,8.77738888,4.2,5,7.5
1999-04-01,8.106090117,8.897922273,4.3,5.2,7.7
1999-05-01,7.940559287,8.770532613,4.2,5,7.4
1999-06-01,7.962883038,8.781900551,4.3,5.1,7.5
1999-07-01,7.909638104,8.736061452,4.3,5.1,7.5
1999-08-01,7.88151816,8.682868639,4.2,5,7.3
1999-09-01,7.89740609,8.689821372,4.2,5,7.4
1999-10-01,7.794364841,8.557175509,4.1,5,7.2
1999-11-01,7.7643351,8.523102435,4.1,4.9,7.2
1999-12-01,7.716678279,8.497203823,4,4.8,7.1
2000-01-01,7.658564998,8.420086417,4,4.8,7
2000-02-01,7.773848626,8.519707374,4.1,4.9,7.1
2000-03-01,7.797004788,8.55622885,4,4.8,7.1
2000-04-01,7.672293588,8.396026143,3.8,4.7,6.9
2000-05-01,7.847373917,8.634267861,4,4.8,7.1
2000-06-01,7.69087671,8.440802265,4,4.7,7
2000-07-01,7.704373646,8.459606952,4,4.8,7
2000-08-01,7.736223576,8.510104187,4.1,4.8,7.1
2000-09-01,7.698993349,8.458709902,3.9,4.7,7
2000-10-01,7.684444838,8.436733418,3.9,4.6,6.8
2000-11-01,7.719457014,8.508780813,3.9,4.7,7.1
2000-12-01,7.702914601,8.452543159,3.9,4.7,6.9
2001-01-01,7.793559565,8.573665518,4.2,5,7.3
2001-02-01,7.825992724,8.587348254,4.2,5.1,7.3
2001-03-01,7.886288411,8.648935354,4.3,5,7.3
2001-04-01,8.037647394,8.786859482,4.4,5.1,7.4
2001-05-01,8.126139096,8.939982764,4.3,5.1,7.5
2001-06-01,8.2055239,9.085905396,4.5,5.3,7.9
2001-07-01,8.160152071,9.001847905,4.6,5.4,7.9
2001-08-01,8.474660795,9.288051409,4.9,5.8,8.2
2001-09-01,8.446381287,9.425541941,5,5.8,8.7
2001-10-01,8.710297025,9.736248116,5.3,6.3,9.3
2001-11-01,8.798383188,9.766610038,5.5,6.4,9.4
2001-12-01,8.907965139,9.915348141,5.7,6.6,9.6
2002-01-01,8.98291713,9.921444673,5.7,6.6,9.4
2002-02-01,8.888696527,9.863754945,5.7,6.5,9.5
2002-03-01,8.872652807,9.817164019,5.7,6.6,9.4
2002-04-01,8.940280003,9.891696672,5.9,6.9,9.7
2002-05-01,8.865851354,9.81986717,5.8,6.8,9.6
2002-06-01,8.854276366,9.790871062,5.8,6.7,9.5
2002-07-01,8.871356296,9.839200088,5.8,6.8,9.6
2002-08-01,8.807146295,9.833466732,5.7,6.7,9.6
2002-09-01,8.771632033,9.763250651,5.7,6.6,9.6
2002-10-01,8.74610805,9.73905326,5.7,6.6,9.6
2002-11-01,8.88752328,9.846967976,5.9,6.8,9.8
2002-12-01,8.818525362,9.796573201,6,6.9,9.8
2003-01-01,8.86505392,9.909873767,5.8,6.8,9.9
2003-02-01,8.890435357,9.969917416,5.9,6.9,10.1
2003-03-01,9.002871362,10.06141565,5.9,6.9,10
2003-04-01,8.956866674,10.03088688,6,7,10.2
2003-05-01,9.032254224,10.07862722,6.1,7.1,10.1
2003-06-01,9.070552349,10.11700921,6.3,7.2,10.3
2003-07-01,9.039985739,10.10393349,6.2,7.1,10.3
2003-08-01,9.015733829,10.05364419,6.1,7.1,10.1
2003-09-01,9.003856813,10.10552511,6.1,7.1,10.4
2003-10-01,8.990905965,10.06448757,6,7,10.2
2003-11-01,8.855983068,9.91908226,5.8,6.8,10.1
2003-12-01,8.842990827,9.910722068,5.7,6.6,9.8
2004-01-01,8.783514619,9.845496006,5.7,6.7,9.8
2004-02-01,8.735945789,9.745442593,5.6,6.6,9.7
2004-03-01,8.862049403,9.930618494,5.8,6.8,10
2004-04-01,8.73447644,9.745045031,5.6,6.6,9.6
2004-05-01,8.727088269,9.764673355,5.6,6.6,9.7
2004-06-01,8.704035188,9.703671135,5.6,6.6,9.6
2004-07-01,8.695694908,9.697095427,5.5,6.5,9.5
2004-08-01,8.667770114,9.697034133,5.4,6.4,9.4
2004-09-01,8.650755981,9.655708148,5.4,6.4,9.4
2004-10-01,8.688151184,9.752727744,5.5,6.5,9.7
2004-11-01,8.640272908,9.631290079,5.4,6.3,9.4
2004-12-01,8.627012845,9.61595715,5.4,6.3,9.3
2005-01-01,8.577914186,9.552073406,5.3,6.3,9.2
2005-02-01,8.63796984,9.581497226,5.4,6.4,9.2
2005-03-01,8.561821299,9.541517078,5.2,6.2,9.1
2005-04-01,8.521863913,9.448892484,5.2,6.1,9
2005-05-01,8.442564837,9.407073199,5.1,6.1,8.9
2005-06-01,8.474925435,9.459722104,5,6,9
2005-07-01,8.386964242,9.361304615,5,5.9,8.8
2005-08-01,8.301337172,9.315205622,4.9,5.9,8.9
2005-09-01,8.448005156,9.482912179,5,6,9
2005-10-01,8.408085194,9.348958332,5,5.9,8.7
2005-11-01,8.471333731,9.378804932,5,6,8.7
2005-12-01,8.425516188,9.327468518,4.9,5.9,8.6
2006-01-01,8.312170675,9.212096918,4.7,5.6,8.4
2006-02-01,8.307876114,9.226297747,4.8,5.6,8.4
2006-03-01,8.205201679,9.08025085,4.7,5.6,8.2
2006-04-01,8.340193536,9.167804655,4.7,5.6,8.1
2006-05-01,8.161020836,9.065526953,4.6,5.5,8.2
2006-06-01,8.153495927,9.094947882,4.6,5.6,8.4
2006-07-01,8.213336339,9.153061078,4.7,5.7,8.5
2006-08-01,8.181730725,9.11930815,4.7,5.7,8.4
2006-09-01,8.166027291,9.082719613,4.5,5.3,8
2006-10-01,8.129388309,9.080091664,4.4,5.3,8.2
2006-11-01,8.17985282,9.073073598,4.5,5.4,8.1
2006-12-01,8.079002533,8.985010622,4.4,5.2,7.9
2007-01-01,8.154631821,9.072793101,4.6,5.5,8.3
2007-02-01,8.126248381,9.034291964,4.5,5.4,8.1
2007-03-01,7.973434595,8.896987095,4.4,5.3,8
2007-04-01,8.253819062,9.157474173,4.5,5.4,8.2
2007-05-01,8.204883776,9.174749061,4.4,5.3,8.2
2007-06-01,8.174430152,9.105862179,4.6,5.4,8.3
2007-07-01,8.192353667,9.143608293,4.7,5.5,8.4
2007-08-01,8.218805013,9.229864298,4.6,5.5,8.4
2007-09-01,8.265387481,9.26123113,4.7,5.5,8.4
2007-10-01,8.261974151,9.20322013,4.7,5.6,8.4
2007-11-01,8.179227567,9.13046132,4.7,5.6,8.5
2007-12-01,8.350799382,9.332438738,5,5.8,8.8
2008-01-01,8.364631886,9.403061895,5,5.9,9.1
2008-02-01,8.353941866,9.397259333,4.9,5.8,9
2008-03-01,8.472367958,9.525035387,5.1,5.9,9.1
2008-04-01,8.502082944,9.587331924,5,5.9,9.2
2008-05-01,8.657059599,9.792208087,5.4,6.3,9.7
2008-06-01,8.710228825,9.895738733,5.6,6.5,10
2008-07-01,8.894578552,10.18021352,5.8,6.7,10.5
2008-08-01,9.040298281,10.31221438,6.1,7.1,10.8
2008-09-01,9.127861556,10.45397441,6.1,7.1,11.1
2008-10-01,9.266830857,10.69588161,6.5,7.5,11.8
2008-11-01,9.518506476,11.05805742,6.8,8,12.7
2008-12-01,9.79213191,11.49294425,7.3,8.4,13.6
2009-01-01,10.22466233,11.95406267,7.8,9,14.1
2009-02-01,10.44288547,12.30361731,8.3,9.5,15.1
2009-03-01,10.63745608,12.57605355,8.7,10,15.8
2009-04-01,10.73561864,12.59114918,9,10.2,15.9
2009-05-01,10.93526624,12.86605991,9.4,10.7,16.5
2009-06-01,10.97547969,12.90569615,9.5,10.7,16.5
2009-07-01,10.81360063,12.74565489,9.5,10.7,16.4
2009-08-01,10.82807226,12.7482026,9.6,10.9,16.7
2009-09-01,10.8996857,12.75943327,9.8,11.1,16.7
2009-10-01,11.01279406,12.9121993,10,11.3,17.1
2009-11-01,10.86794063,12.772132,9.9,11.3,17.1
2009-12-01,10.93253437,12.83833307,9.9,11.3,17.2
2010-01-01,10.84310525,12.65167774,9.8,11.2,16.6
2010-02-01,10.85302982,12.73065134,9.8,11.2,17
2010-03-01,10.82887508,12.76597138,9.9,11.2,17.1
2010-04-01,10.67759737,12.59637674,9.9,11.4,17.2
2010-05-01,10.56621342,12.4252204,9.6,11,16.7
2010-06-01,10.48959115,12.31386634,9.4,10.9,16.4
2010-07-01,10.55312754,12.39287123,9.4,10.9,16.4
2010-08-01,10.6235083,12.46917329,9.5,10.9,16.5
2010-09-01,10.65409264,12.54970638,9.5,11,16.9
2010-10-01,10.60620996,12.46511206,9.4,11,16.6
2010-11-01,10.75367766,12.59254538,9.8,11.3,16.9
2010-12-01,10.55715738,12.41931643,9.3,10.8,16.6
2011-01-01,10.47311207,12.25295379,9.1,10.6,16.1
2011-02-01,10.41897038,12.19159172,9,10.6,16
2011-03-01,10.33476657,12.14491633,9,10.4,16
2011-04-01,10.45275511,12.26427996,9.1,10.6,16.1
2011-05-01,10.39047898,12.19045568,9,10.4,15.9
2011-06-01,10.49754693,12.27503939,9.1,10.7,16.1
2011-07-01,10.48141688,12.24820328,9,10.6,15.9
2011-08-01,10.41582684,12.22967104,9,10.5,16.1
2011-09-01,10.38126195,12.22441232,9,10.5,16.4
2011-10-01,10.33272847,12.13897267,8.8,10.3,15.8
2011-11-01,10.25816711,12.00406511,8.6,10.2,15.6
2011-12-01,10.17212516,11.86942151,8.5,10,15.2
2012-01-01,10.05993526,11.76279116,8.3,9.8,15.1
2012-02-01,10.03913127,11.74714227,8.3,9.8,15
2012-03-01,10.04405083,11.65707208,8.2,9.6,14.6
2012-04-01,10.04556256,11.68180662,8.2,9.6,14.7
2012-05-01,10.00607458,11.68735946,8.2,9.7,14.8
2012-06-01,10.04257039,11.71660264,8.2,9.6,14.7
2012-07-01,10.05041178,11.73030726,8.2,9.6,14.7
2012-08-01,10.10359489,11.72861812,8.1,9.6,14.6
2012-09-01,9.872676571,11.58802123,7.8,9.3,14.8
2012-10-01,9.846065218,11.54493292,7.8,9.2,14.4
2012-11-01,9.904571186,11.56989498,7.7,9.2,14.4
2012-12-01,9.957379955,11.58629995,7.9,9.4,14.4
2013-01-01,10.07007723,11.69762992,8,9.3,14.5
2013-02-01,9.888008987,11.56149492,7.7,9.2,14.3
2013-03-01,9.826353957,11.40103992,7.5,9,13.9
2013-04-01,9.836830056,11.46215384,7.6,9,14
2013-05-01,9.836498537,11.4470674,7.5,8.8,13.9
2013-06-01,9.811119765,11.46642584,7.5,9.1,14.2
2013-07-01,9.652122058,11.29831946,7.3,8.7,13.8
2013-08-01,9.539449607,11.12473505,7.2,8.6,13.6
2013-09-01,9.538182347,11.11629742,7.2,8.6,13.5
2013-10-01,9.614223535,11.26952474,7.2,8.6,13.6
2013-11-01,9.404472938,10.97167378,6.9,8.2,13.1
2013-12-01,9.336549891,10.92689788,6.7,8.1,13.1
2014-01-01,9.300408754,10.74745744,6.6,8,12.6
2014-02-01,9.319819914,10.80235477,6.7,8,12.6
2014-03-01,9.309608784,10.80709375,6.7,8,12.7
2014-04-01,9.140272275,10.65555349,6.2,7.6,12.3
2014-05-01,9.207490054,10.65512627,6.3,7.7,12.3
2014-06-01,9.106556987,10.61096759,6.1,7.3,12
2014-07-01,9.144639282,10.63132844,6.2,7.4,12.1
2014-08-01,9.138811154,10.60611856,6.1,7.4,12
2014-09-01,9.081655671,10.48392271,5.9,7.2,11.7
2014-10-01,8.946407707,10.4055126,5.7,7.1,11.5
2014-11-01,9.013045472,10.39856522,5.8,7.1,11.4
2014-12-01,8.88547963,10.26083415,5.6,6.9,11.2
2015-01-01,8.922630706,10.2576326,5.7,6.9,11.2
2015-02-01,8.871766392,10.20829847,5.5,6.7,10.9
2015-03-01,8.818116316,10.13746553,5.4,6.7,10.9
2015-04-01,8.817038818,10.13146586,5.4,6.7,10.9
2015-05-01,8.771299092,10.07175919,5.6,6.8,10.9
2015-06-01,8.743771121,10.01868378,5.3,6.4,10.4
2015-07-01,8.741947814,9.982091781,5.2,6.3,10.3
2015-08-01,8.515360237,9.837711445,5.1,6.2,10.2
2015-09-01,8.62541699,9.809219373,5,6.2,10
2015-10-01,8.619833831,9.812875896,5,6.2,9.8
2015-11-01,8.590743796,9.813784351,5.1,6.1,10
2015-12-01,8.521433957,9.725291183,5,6.1,9.9
2016-01-01,8.451597045,9.610787923,4.8,6,9.7
2016-02-01,8.452244263,9.637192917,4.9,5.9,9.6
2016-03-01,8.449340416,9.643928733,5,6.1,9.8
2016-04-01,8.50468134,9.683606329,5.1,6.1,9.9
2016-05-01,8.403549542,9.66267626,4.8,5.9,9.9
2016-06-01,8.38822245,9.520330532,4.9,5.9,9.5
2016-07-01,8.400701794,9.558051184,4.8,5.9,9.6
2016-08-01,8.313035714,9.552213951,4.9,5.9,9.6
2016-09-01,8.508343523,9.653846829,5,6.1,9.7
2016-10-01,8.496800139,9.699245995,4.9,5.9,9.6
2016-11-01,8.348826076,9.469562877,4.7,5.9,9.4
2016-12-01,8.346282355,9.445577897,4.7,5.7,9.2
2017-01-01,8.321005002,9.438766528,4.7,5.6,9.2
2017-02-01,8.249335249,9.355174473,4.6,5.6,9
2017-03-01,8.176769387,9.249562509,4.4,5.4,8.8
2017-04-01,8.132820439,9.161596801,4.4,5.4,8.6
2017-05-01,8.11575784,9.128230661,4.4,5.3,8.5
2017-06-01,8.024191914,9.055218204,4.3,5.2,8.5
2017-07-01,7.979828847,9.003696963,4.3,5.2,8.5
2017-08-01,8.025518219,9.10245722,4.4,5.3,8.6
2017-09-01,7.927782121,8.917421596,4.3,5.2,8.3
2017-10-01,7.902637704,8.869137033,4.2,5.1,8.1
2017-11-01,7.926698877,8.863174795,4.2,5.1,8
2017-12-01,7.934225826,8.907829656,4.1,5.1,8.1
2018-01-01,7.898072795,8.864731978,4,4.9,8
2018-02-01,7.869274395,8.875651055,4.1,5,8.1
2018-03-01,7.86669422,8.840907651,4,4.9,7.9
2018-04-01,7.845956046,8.803561994,4,4.8,7.9
2018-05-01,7.763352579,8.711521368,3.8,4.7,7.8
2018-06-01,7.769788412,8.693817784,4,4.8,7.8
2018-07-01,7.672201243,8.551254468,3.8,4.7,7.5
2018-08-01,7.697795204,8.577994058,3.8,4.7,7.4
2018-09-01,7.671772602,8.546763827,3.7,4.7,7.5
2018-10-01,7.675796021,8.560416529,3.8,4.7,7.5
2018-11-01,7.648456385,8.554087033,3.8,4.8,7.6
2018-12-01,7.713514869,8.619931566,3.9,4.8,7.6
2019-01-01,7.831390937,8.823150615,4,4.8,8
2019-02-01,7.736020922,8.590718711,3.8,4.6,7.2
2019-03-01,7.714221163,8.601481906,3.8,4.6,7.4
2019-04-01,7.635219164,8.542352883,3.6,4.5,7.4
2019-05-01,7.578719437,8.41286762,3.6,4.5,7.2
2019-06-01,7.551608795,8.397019038,3.6,4.5,7.2
2019-07-01,7.62255967,8.373339657,3.7,4.5,6.9
2019-08-01,7.450183177,8.306396488,3.7,4.6,7.2
2019-09-01,7.328662998,8.134267438,3.5,4.3,6.9
2019-10-01,7.310154209,8.13916708,3.6,4.4,7
2019-11-01,7.354546901,8.162025965,3.6,4.3,6.9
2019-12-01,7.347690698,8.159859699,3.6,4.3,6.8
2020-01-01,7.449082449,8.272292402,3.5,4.3,6.9
2020-02-01,7.504995753,8.365122169,3.5,4.3,7
2020-03-01,8.243931793,9.376283495,4.4,5.2,8.8
2020-04-01,15.69126449,17.84451203,14.7,16,22.9
2020-05-01,14.40041896,16.481254,13.2,14.5,21.2
2020-06-01,12.58672278,14.31224962,11,12.4,18
2020-07-01,11.96633466,13.54712997,10.2,11.3,16.5
2020-08-01,10.62156197,12.0687947,8.4,9.6,14.3
2020-09-01,10.36004765,11.55417767,7.9,9,12.8
2020-10-01,9.345281841,10.61833223,6.9,8,12.1
2020-11-01,9.286277346,10.55016291,6.7,7.9,12
2020-12-01,9.280014401,10.47564146,6.7,8,11.7
2021-01-01,9.04322089,10.15994428,6.4,7.5,11.1
2021-02-01,9.092816617,10.27295815,6.2,7.3,11.1
2021-03-01,8.889022807,10.02719234,6,7.1,10.7
2021-04-01,8.906285365,9.92059073,6,7.1,10.3
2021-05-01,8.803679404,9.812501338,5.8,6.9,10.1
2021-06-01,8.640088708,9.532064303,5.9,7,9.8
2021-07-01,8.428872619,9.266863284,5.4,6.5,9.2
2021-08-01,8.185265373,9.026858177,5.2,6.1,8.8
2021-09-01,8.093887103,8.921435399,4.7,5.8,8.5
2021-10-01,7.975061709,8.7977351,4.6,5.5,8.2
2021-11-01,7.789370037,8.593696438,4.2,5.1,7.7
2021-12-01,7.671199443,8.445997196,3.9,4.9,7.3
Careers at the Fed

Life at the Richmond Fed

While our work is serious, our workplace is more casual—from the way we dress to the activities we share. It’s a friendly, inclusive place to be.
You'll Love Our Benefits

Our approach is about enhancing work and life experiences. Think generous paid days off, a pension and retirement savings plan, wellness offerings, development opportunities and more.
What Skills Are Needed In The Future?

The Flow of Human Capital

The Economy: What We’ve Learned
