Data & Analysis
Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index
June 11, 2018
The NEI was 7.8 percent in May 2018, essentially unchanged from April 2018. It has declined by 0.4 percentage points since May 2017.
Month,HKL Nonemployment Index,HKL Nonemployment Index Including PTER,Civilian Unemployment Rate (U-3),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached (U-5),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached and PTER (U-6) 1994-01-01,10.04882777,11.1156097,6.6,8.1,11.8 1994-02-01,9.878808728,11.0393364,6.6,7.9,11.4 1994-03-01,9.776793294,10.9875174,6.5,7.7,11.4 1994-04-01,9.64680933,10.82419169,6.4,7.6,11.2 1994-05-01,9.400411236,10.64822278,6.1,7.2,10.8 1994-06-01,9.430086981,10.63715519,6.1,7.3,10.9 1994-07-01,9.369132273,10.52586289,6.1,7.3,10.7 1994-08-01,9.313192636,10.43039756,6,7.2,10.5 1994-09-01,9.226412643,10.33435252,5.9,7.1,10.4 1994-10-01,9.149548417,10.28803118,5.8,6.9,10.3 1994-11-01,9.053952737,10.19948763,5.6,6.7,10.1 1994-12-01,8.968548487,10.08577753,5.5,6.7,10 1995-01-01,8.985998342,10.18000777,5.6,6.8,10.2 1995-02-01,8.917913142,10.00287606,5.4,6.6,9.9 1995-03-01,8.957577419,10.05735088,5.4,6.6,9.9 1995-04-01,9.050166577,10.13520354,5.8,6.7,10 1995-05-01,9.05924217,10.21730405,5.6,6.6,10 1995-06-01,9.029256303,10.14608778,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-07-01,9.013038206,10.14508555,5.7,6.7,10.1 1995-08-01,9.049606134,10.19363129,5.7,6.7,10 1995-09-01,9.042427257,10.19153573,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-10-01,9.034527776,10.15497273,5.5,6.6,9.9 1995-11-01,9.024295443,10.15591683,5.6,6.6,10 1995-12-01,9.041483378,10.15042758,5.6,6.7,10 1996-01-01,9.01117992,10.05364897,5.6,6.8,9.8 1996-02-01,8.990603177,10.07790324,5.5,6.7,10 1996-03-01,8.927528222,10.02025527,5.5,6.6,9.8 1996-04-01,8.92140668,9.999872883,5.6,6.6,9.9 1996-05-01,8.911283516,10.00843557,5.6,6.5,9.7 1996-06-01,8.787964987,9.857245934,5.3,6.4,9.6 1996-07-01,8.792022992,9.896752096,5.5,6.5,9.7 1996-08-01,8.704674795,9.803282235,5.1,6.1,9.3 1996-09-01,8.643311666,9.726503069,5.2,6.2,9.4 1996-10-01,8.689254007,9.771848153,5.2,6.2,9.4 1996-11-01,8.77321076,9.777538785,5.4,6.4,9.3 1996-12-01,8.695217452,9.775464582,5.4,6.3,9.5 1997-01-01,8.691257352,9.75369798,5.3,6.4,9.4 1997-02-01,8.69188569,9.729248914,5.2,6.3,9.4 1997-03-01,8.604205139,9.613023851,5.2,6.1,9.1 1997-04-01,8.504377598,9.546334716,5.1,6,9.2 1997-05-01,8.480555593,9.488318356,4.9,5.8,8.8 1997-06-01,8.452357786,9.434364145,5,5.9,8.8 1997-07-01,8.318994876,9.332005448,4.9,5.7,8.6 1997-08-01,8.281894878,9.279526365,4.8,5.7,8.6 1997-09-01,8.361344317,9.339437824,4.9,5.8,8.7 1997-10-01,8.257720112,9.235516181,4.7,5.6,8.4 1997-11-01,8.228764808,9.199008556,4.6,5.5,8.3 1997-12-01,8.251626703,9.195056005,4.7,5.7,8.4 1998-01-01,8.170679793,9.146993333,4.6,5.6,8.4 1998-02-01,8.122302246,9.065324559,4.6,5.6,8.4 1998-03-01,8.172850649,9.109930671,4.7,5.6,8.4 1998-04-01,8.00778501,8.890321318,4.3,5.2,7.9 1998-05-01,8.01369624,8.935536881,4.4,5.2,7.9 1998-06-01,8.084749465,9.007293749,4.5,5.3,8 1998-07-01,8.143799953,9.092466534,4.5,5.4,8.1 1998-08-01,8.116989719,8.985138134,4.5,5.3,7.9 1998-09-01,8.068471227,8.907004097,4.6,5.4,7.9 1998-10-01,8.081917617,8.921559913,4.5,5.3,7.8 1998-11-01,7.986948984,8.791436584,4.4,5.2,7.6 1998-12-01,7.959853365,8.785197759,4.4,5.1,7.6 1999-01-01,7.944528085,8.784369922,4.3,5.2,7.7 1999-02-01,7.984208693,8.81153597,4.4,5.3,7.7 1999-03-01,7.934631147,8.788814537,4.2,5,7.6 1999-04-01,8.118888199,8.912878853,4.3,5.2,7.6 1999-05-01,7.949104428,8.782170675,4.2,5,7.4 1999-06-01,7.973701268,8.793357083,4.3,5.1,7.5 1999-07-01,7.919598397,8.746250058,4.3,5.1,7.5 1999-08-01,7.891227015,8.692987403,4.2,5,7.3 1999-09-01,7.90919294,8.700468632,4.2,5,7.4 1999-10-01,7.804243507,8.566799581,4.1,4.9,7.2 1999-11-01,7.77604224,8.534562658,4.1,4.8,7.1 1999-12-01,7.726610813,8.507946704,4,4.8,7.1 2000-01-01,7.67074307,8.425855531,4,4.8,7.1 2000-02-01,7.785047442,8.53179644,4.1,5,7.2 2000-03-01,7.809538324,8.569165161,4,4.8,7.1 2000-04-01,7.684228751,8.410366755,3.8,4.7,6.9 2000-05-01,7.856720861,8.645845956,4,4.8,7.1 2000-06-01,7.700484411,8.4512408,4,4.7,7 2000-07-01,7.714695896,8.470225816,4,4.8,7 2000-08-01,7.745279545,8.519460947,4.1,4.8,7.1 2000-09-01,7.710817098,8.469953086,3.9,4.7,7 2000-10-01,7.695616842,8.447051254,3.9,4.6,6.8 2000-11-01,7.730440161,8.520255114,3.9,4.7,7.1 2000-12-01,7.714773107,8.465114148,3.9,4.7,6.9 2001-01-01,7.80635207,8.57965624,4.2,5,7.3 2001-02-01,7.837771663,8.600353019,4.2,5.1,7.4 2001-03-01,7.897258753,8.660484697,4.3,5,7.3 2001-04-01,8.049558917,8.801141047,4.4,5.1,7.4 2001-05-01,8.137200476,8.952809541,4.3,5.1,7.5 2001-06-01,8.217733478,9.09907893,4.5,5.3,7.9 2001-07-01,8.172748696,9.014746568,4.6,5.4,7.8 2001-08-01,8.489693873,9.303129064,4.9,5.8,8.1 2001-09-01,8.459152334,9.438201536,5,5.8,8.7 2001-10-01,8.722855028,9.747111807,5.3,6.2,9.3 2001-11-01,8.810924938,9.77953848,5.5,6.4,9.4 2001-12-01,8.921056749,9.928885336,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-01-01,8.998855395,9.931687886,5.7,6.7,9.5 2002-02-01,8.900950376,9.877336476,5.7,6.6,9.5 2002-03-01,8.885273157,9.830462181,5.7,6.6,9.4 2002-04-01,8.953935579,9.907324435,5.9,6.8,9.7 2002-05-01,8.877334273,9.832431366,5.8,6.7,9.5 2002-06-01,8.867098524,9.804610304,5.8,6.7,9.5 2002-07-01,8.884454768,9.852626715,5.8,6.8,9.6 2002-08-01,8.820237323,9.846616367,5.7,6.7,9.6 2002-09-01,8.784145383,9.775767131,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-10-01,8.758700403,9.749498084,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-11-01,8.900193766,9.8600854,5.9,6.8,9.7 2002-12-01,8.831131389,9.809335043,6,6.9,9.8 2003-01-01,8.878370703,9.919796585,5.8,6.9,10 2003-02-01,8.903646397,9.984571835,5.9,6.9,10.2 2003-03-01,9.016804194,10.07588803,5.9,6.9,10 2003-04-01,8.970006651,10.04494549,6,6.9,10.2 2003-05-01,9.045130349,10.09218677,6.1,7,10.1 2003-06-01,9.084463763,10.13162441,6.3,7.2,10.3 2003-07-01,9.053749223,10.11791838,6.2,7.1,10.3 2003-08-01,9.029495697,10.06741151,6.1,7.1,10.1 2003-09-01,9.0164951,10.11827031,6.1,7.1,10.4 2003-10-01,9.004858402,10.07608222,6,7,10.2 2003-11-01,8.86847398,9.931925665,5.8,6.8,10 2003-12-01,8.856215321,9.923692186,5.7,6.6,9.8 2004-01-01,8.797433538,9.858547757,5.7,6.8,9.9 2004-02-01,8.750529752,9.761142119,5.6,6.6,9.7 2004-03-01,8.876295735,9.945171867,5.8,6.8,10 2004-04-01,8.749377221,9.760057372,5.6,6.5,9.6 2004-05-01,8.742569256,9.780425697,5.6,6.6,9.6 2004-06-01,8.719190341,9.719138525,5.6,6.6,9.5 2004-07-01,8.710780694,9.71220382,5.5,6.5,9.5 2004-08-01,8.680957263,9.710299752,5.4,6.4,9.4 2004-09-01,8.665496538,9.67061785,5.4,6.4,9.4 2004-10-01,8.701787087,9.764411706,5.5,6.5,9.7 2004-11-01,8.654283333,9.645783194,5.4,6.3,9.4 2004-12-01,8.641168337,9.630000884,5.4,6.3,9.2 2005-01-01,8.591981349,9.565772268,5.3,6.4,9.3 2005-02-01,8.652157742,9.59690089,5.4,6.4,9.3 2005-03-01,8.576209673,9.556079437,5.2,6.2,9.1 2005-04-01,8.537011458,9.463846818,5.2,6.1,8.9 2005-05-01,8.457242201,9.421818627,5.1,6,8.9 2005-06-01,8.489800639,9.474610261,5,6,9 2005-07-01,8.402295892,9.376573767,5,5.9,8.8 2005-08-01,8.316277593,9.330304431,4.9,5.9,8.9 2005-09-01,8.464508675,9.499596887,5,5.9,9 2005-10-01,8.424020358,9.363441282,5,5.9,8.7 2005-11-01,8.486625541,9.394620918,5,5.9,8.7 2005-12-01,8.442117121,9.344048644,4.9,5.8,8.6 2006-01-01,8.32911779,9.22898678,4.7,5.7,8.4 2006-02-01,8.323314638,9.242598817,4.8,5.7,8.4 2006-03-01,8.220535516,9.095775189,4.7,5.6,8.2 2006-04-01,8.356493845,9.183807867,4.7,5.5,8.1 2006-05-01,8.177170739,9.081716148,4.6,5.5,8.2 2006-06-01,8.170215941,9.111623046,4.6,5.6,8.4 2006-07-01,8.229627023,9.169043704,4.7,5.7,8.5 2006-08-01,8.196814437,9.134622636,4.7,5.7,8.4 2006-09-01,8.183349072,9.100255992,4.5,5.3,8 2006-10-01,8.147670803,9.097305858,4.4,5.3,8.2 2006-11-01,8.196848894,9.090530178,4.5,5.4,8.1 2006-12-01,8.096894666,9.002876143,4.4,5.2,7.9 2007-01-01,8.172510356,9.090605113,4.6,5.6,8.4 2007-02-01,8.144285929,9.052872799,4.5,5.4,8.2 2007-03-01,7.991739654,8.915588361,4.4,5.3,8 2007-04-01,8.272890017,9.176309058,4.5,5.4,8.2 2007-05-01,8.224283892,9.194269824,4.4,5.3,8.2 2007-06-01,8.191142592,9.122610157,4.6,5.5,8.3 2007-07-01,8.210745482,9.161448049,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-08-01,8.238925782,9.250231001,4.6,5.5,8.4 2007-09-01,8.284112218,9.279990048,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-10-01,8.28054367,9.221040335,4.7,5.6,8.4 2007-11-01,8.198123367,9.149402202,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-12-01,8.369716109,9.351461919,5,5.8,8.8 2008-01-01,8.384138893,9.422597173,5,6,9.2 2008-02-01,8.374136591,9.417734569,4.9,5.9,9 2008-03-01,8.492509238,9.54598429,5.1,5.9,9.1 2008-04-01,8.522820655,9.607910935,5,5.8,9.2 2008-05-01,8.675562228,9.810954547,5.4,6.3,9.7 2008-06-01,8.730424032,9.916258834,5.6,6.5,10.1 2008-07-01,8.913715153,10.19862399,5.8,6.7,10.5 2008-08-01,9.059571722,10.33147518,6.1,7.1,10.8 2008-09-01,9.146896502,10.47240525,6.1,7.1,11 2008-10-01,9.285501285,10.71368935,6.5,7.5,11.8 2008-11-01,9.537438836,11.07633636,6.8,8,12.6 2008-12-01,9.810687677,11.51187936,7.3,8.4,13.6 2009-01-01,10.24314694,11.97303267,7.8,9.1,14.2 2009-02-01,10.46057029,12.32195947,8.3,9.5,15.2 2009-03-01,10.65452042,12.5947463,8.7,9.9,15.8 2009-04-01,10.75277293,12.60818487,9,10.2,15.9 2009-05-01,10.9523665,12.88346742,9.4,10.6,16.5 2009-06-01,10.99545915,12.92663954,9.5,10.8,16.5 2009-07-01,10.83328724,12.76443585,9.5,10.8,16.4 2009-08-01,10.84574319,12.76404768,9.6,10.9,16.7 2009-09-01,10.91632847,12.77458912,9.8,11,16.7 2009-10-01,11.02920516,12.92706671,10,11.4,17.1 2009-11-01,10.88432515,12.78669601,9.9,11.2,17.1 2009-12-01,10.94898406,12.85477166,9.9,11.3,17.1 2010-01-01,10.85919899,12.67347903,9.8,11.3,16.7 2010-02-01,10.86870053,12.74658915,9.8,11.3,17 2010-03-01,10.84197098,12.78134271,9.9,11.2,17.1 2010-04-01,10.6911832,12.6097305,9.9,11.3,17.1 2010-05-01,10.58009307,12.4389545,9.6,10.9,16.6 2010-06-01,10.50724374,12.33332553,9.4,10.9,16.4 2010-07-01,10.57031954,12.40768816,9.4,11,16.4 2010-08-01,10.64109158,12.48184616,9.5,10.9,16.5 2010-09-01,10.66964574,12.56277415,9.5,10.9,16.8 2010-10-01,10.61988745,12.47709242,9.4,11,16.6 2010-11-01,10.76840169,12.60421476,9.8,11.2,16.9 2010-12-01,10.57286337,12.43321256,9.3,10.9,16.6 2011-01-01,10.49027315,12.28596725,9.1,10.8,16.2 2011-02-01,10.4358991,12.20715765,9,10.6,16 2011-03-01,10.34977428,12.16166498,9,10.4,15.9 2011-04-01,10.46926217,12.28116508,9.1,10.5,16.1 2011-05-01,10.40895949,12.20832066,9,10.3,15.8 2011-06-01,10.51806802,12.29796905,9.1,10.7,16.1 2011-07-01,10.50214919,12.26519723,9,10.6,15.9 2011-08-01,10.44106034,12.24409051,9,10.5,16.1 2011-09-01,10.39759482,12.23675146,9,10.5,16.4 2011-10-01,10.34512987,12.15241386,8.8,10.3,15.8 2011-11-01,10.27595574,12.01751826,8.6,10.1,15.5 2011-12-01,10.18980421,11.8836269,8.5,10,15.2 2012-01-01,10.07965458,11.80768107,8.3,9.9,15.2 2012-02-01,10.05653391,11.76177776,8.3,9.8,15 2012-03-01,10.06063571,11.67503572,8.2,9.6,14.5 2012-04-01,10.06130114,11.69852313,8.2,9.6,14.6 2012-05-01,10.0248881,11.70561691,8.2,9.6,14.7 2012-06-01,10.06093106,11.7388504,8.2,9.6,14.8 2012-07-01,10.07066346,11.74764025,8.2,9.6,14.8 2012-08-01,10.14430741,11.74594611,8.1,9.6,14.6 2012-09-01,9.893990382,11.6059947,7.8,9.3,14.8 2012-10-01,9.856343203,11.55995566,7.8,9.2,14.4 2012-11-01,9.923278488,11.58417369,7.7,9.2,14.4 2012-12-01,9.977214642,11.60168036,7.9,9.4,14.4 2013-01-01,10.08942329,11.74884987,8,9.4,14.6 2013-02-01,9.906433531,11.57684396,7.7,9.2,14.4 2013-03-01,9.844644176,11.42015222,7.5,8.9,13.8 2013-04-01,9.851751281,11.47959139,7.6,8.9,14 2013-05-01,9.854805899,11.46424982,7.5,8.8,13.8 2013-06-01,9.829229767,11.49343834,7.5,9.1,14.2 2013-07-01,9.671648661,11.31593705,7.3,8.7,13.8 2013-08-01,9.597229583,11.14137614,7.2,8.6,13.6 2013-09-01,9.553805229,11.13231066,7.2,8.6,13.5 2013-10-01,9.62086624,11.28596889,7.2,8.5,13.6 2013-11-01,9.425629186,10.98822013,6.9,8.2,13.1 2013-12-01,9.358518543,10.94459183,6.7,8.1,13.1 2014-01-01,9.322727794,10.80102723,6.6,8.1,12.7 2014-02-01,9.340490285,10.82141549,6.7,8,12.7 2014-03-01,9.327523316,10.82642165,6.7,8,12.7 2014-04-01,9.154744948,10.67367867,6.3,7.5,12.3 2014-05-01,9.226766071,10.67283974,6.3,7.5,12.1 2014-06-01,9.125032659,10.642104,6.1,7.3,12 2014-07-01,9.160020883,10.64915634,6.2,7.5,12.1 2014-08-01,9.222281249,10.62861282,6.2,7.4,11.9 2014-09-01,9.08990917,10.49749468,5.9,7.3,11.7 2014-10-01,8.948466216,10.41995634,5.7,7,11.5 2014-11-01,9.03370876,10.41566679,5.8,7,11.4 2014-12-01,8.908374613,10.28078704,5.6,6.9,11.2 2015-01-01,8.946563896,10.30973071,5.7,7,11.3 2015-02-01,8.893960837,10.23122284,5.5,6.8,11 2015-03-01,8.838079278,10.16051224,5.5,6.7,10.9 2015-04-01,8.830955451,10.15239536,5.4,6.7,10.9 2015-05-01,8.79070646,10.08610261,5.5,6.6,10.8 2015-06-01,8.767785298,10.05728294,5.3,6.4,10.4 2015-07-01,8.747735763,9.992883268,5.2,6.4,10.3 2015-08-01,8.620421785,9.86978646,5.1,6.2,10.2 2015-09-01,8.626862235,9.820125243,5,6.2,10 2015-10-01,8.619559808,9.828983181,5,6.2,9.8 2015-11-01,8.606667567,9.828519203,5,6.1,9.9 2015-12-01,8.544937253,9.748704085,5,6.1,9.9 2016-01-01,8.47607582,9.656972033,4.9,6.2,9.9 2016-02-01,8.472367742,9.658927319,4.9,6,9.7 2016-03-01,8.468550851,9.668666341,5,6.1,9.8 2016-04-01,8.515657288,9.706090466,5,6,9.8 2016-05-01,8.422168776,9.668271321,4.7,5.7,9.8 2016-06-01,8.4221307,9.564423836,4.9,6,9.5 2016-07-01,8.394901286,9.563454191,4.9,6,9.7 2016-08-01,8.44290742,9.603273373,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-09-01,8.499765262,9.656924087,5,6,9.7 2016-10-01,8.495487275,9.719483157,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-11-01,8.360250339,9.484470211,4.6,5.8,9.3 2016-12-01,8.372355757,9.473092698,4.7,5.7,9.1 2017-01-01,8.344653608,9.479050731,4.8,5.8,9.4 2017-02-01,8.262187041,9.368537591,4.7,5.7,9.2 2017-03-01,8.191570474,9.270690958,4.5,5.4,8.8 2017-04-01,8.1384344,9.181043723,4.4,5.3,8.6 2017-05-01,8.13371195,9.123281802,4.3,5.2,8.4 2017-06-01,8.071063468,9.105937372,4.3,5.3,8.5 2017-07-01,7.968607859,9.00471843,4.3,5.3,8.5 2017-08-01,8.176617464,9.181216597,4.4,5.4,8.6 2017-09-01,7.920597556,8.92549635,4.2,5.1,8.3 2017-10-01,7.903062548,8.89755619,4.1,5,8 2017-11-01,7.934776825,8.879404235,4.1,5,8 2017-12-01,7.963695466,8.935390958,4.1,5.1,8.1 2018-01-01,7.921086882,8.902120331,4.1,5.1,8.2 2018-02-01,7.866656022,8.872788837,4.1,5.1,8.2 2018-03-01,7.871856333,8.847926696,4.1,4.9,8 2018-04-01,7.839982566,8.809499661,3.9,4.7,7.8 2018-05-01,7.78295365,8.70681901,3.8,4.6,7.6
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Life at the Richmond Fed
While our work is serious, our workplace is more casual—from the way we dress to the activities we share. It’s a friendly, inclusive place to be.
You'll Love Our Benefits
Our approach is about enhancing work and life experiences. Think generous paid days off, a pension and retirement savings plan, wellness offerings, development opportunities and more.
