Economic Research
We conduct research to support policymaking and thought leadership on issues important to the Federal Reserve and the Fifth District. We also inform the public through our data and economic analysis, publications, presentations and educational resources.
Featured
Podcast
Getting People Back to Work in West Virginia
June 11, 2021
Andy Bauer discusses West Virginia's progress in recovering from the economic downturn during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bauer is a regional executive at the Baltimore branch of the Richmond Fed.
Blog Post
Is Rental Assistance Getting to Those in Need?
June 3, 2021
By Stephanie Norris and Peter M. Dolkart
Recent legislation has increased emergency rental assistance for renters struggling due to the pandemic, but efficient disbursement has been a challenge in many states.
Local Industrial Policy and Sectoral Hubs
American Economic Review: Paper and Proceedings
Vol. 111, May 2021
Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index
June 10, 2021
The Non-Employment Index was 8.7 percent in May 2021, declining from April 2021. The index was 5.6 percentage points lower compared to May 2020.
Month,HKL Nonemployment Index,HKL Nonemployment Index Including PTER,Civilian Unemployment Rate (U-3),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached (U-5),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached and PTER (U-6) 1994-01-01,10.05151802,11.10526679,6.6,8,11.7 1994-02-01,9.875076855,11.03351278,6.6,7.9,11.4 1994-03-01,9.768871505,10.98391561,6.5,7.8,11.5 1994-04-01,9.63541615,10.82114083,6.4,7.7,11.3 1994-05-01,9.423465146,10.64422011,6.1,7.3,10.9 1994-06-01,9.417068881,10.63281636,6.1,7.3,11 1994-07-01,9.358876153,10.52085554,6.1,7.4,10.8 1994-08-01,9.307658058,10.42702828,6,7.3,10.6 1994-09-01,9.217908918,10.32919219,5.9,7.2,10.4 1994-10-01,9.143214999,10.283568,5.8,7,10.4 1994-11-01,9.042825089,10.19431225,5.6,6.8,10.1 1994-12-01,8.96280998,10.08137663,5.5,6.7,10.1 1995-01-01,8.983170549,10.16671634,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-02-01,8.912522763,9.995740621,5.4,6.6,9.9 1995-03-01,8.949376432,10.05267898,5.4,6.6,9.9 1995-04-01,9.037987057,10.13007645,5.8,6.8,10.1 1995-05-01,9.077715076,10.21216115,5.6,6.8,10.1 1995-06-01,9.01630686,10.14047936,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-07-01,9.00218907,10.13859118,5.7,6.8,10.1 1995-08-01,9.042938162,10.1885051,5.7,6.8,10.1 1995-09-01,9.03310345,10.18544071,5.6,6.7,10.2 1995-10-01,9.026318065,10.14827867,5.5,6.7,10 1995-11-01,9.013197802,10.14999925,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-12-01,9.034725215,10.14481643,5.6,6.7,10 1996-01-01,9.005430535,10.04006768,5.6,6.8,9.8 1996-02-01,8.983473097,10.0694862,5.5,6.7,10 1996-03-01,8.917708713,10.01290905,5.5,6.6,9.9 1996-04-01,8.909387927,9.992135615,5.6,6.7,10 1996-05-01,8.922802993,10.00336413,5.6,6.6,9.8 1996-06-01,8.776757092,9.85050852,5.3,6.5,9.7 1996-07-01,8.781905441,9.889298322,5.5,6.5,9.7 1996-08-01,8.694581378,9.793896402,5.1,6.2,9.4 1996-09-01,8.631113999,9.717366793,5.2,6.2,9.5 1996-10-01,8.680577243,9.76397,5.2,6.2,9.5 1996-11-01,8.760995605,9.769037062,5.4,6.4,9.4 1996-12-01,8.686452654,9.766800536,5.4,6.4,9.6 1997-01-01,8.683477182,9.743701356,5.3,6.3,9.4 1997-02-01,8.68391573,9.720016613,5.2,6.2,9.3 1997-03-01,8.593816243,9.603798384,5.2,6.2,9.1 1997-04-01,8.492721331,9.536012497,5.1,6.1,9.3 1997-05-01,8.482576176,9.480404946,4.9,5.9,8.9 1997-06-01,8.441056287,9.42503124,5,6,8.9 1997-07-01,8.309310586,9.323503709,4.9,5.8,8.7 1997-08-01,8.271300543,9.269014779,4.8,5.8,8.7 1997-09-01,8.348326601,9.328847528,4.9,5.8,8.7 1997-10-01,8.246033618,9.223917421,4.7,5.6,8.5 1997-11-01,8.216661852,9.189482604,4.6,5.6,8.4 1997-12-01,8.24231558,9.185022831,4.7,5.7,8.5 1998-01-01,8.161721727,9.140574391,4.6,5.6,8.4 1998-02-01,8.113556612,9.055563401,4.6,5.5,8.3 1998-03-01,8.162235148,9.09946039,4.7,5.6,8.4 1998-04-01,7.996148956,8.877388437,4.3,5.2,8 1998-05-01,8.007873352,8.925391459,4.4,5.3,8 1998-06-01,8.075763073,8.998128866,4.5,5.4,8.1 1998-07-01,8.134531301,9.083141964,4.5,5.5,8.2 1998-08-01,8.1076865,8.975449901,4.5,5.4,7.9 1998-09-01,8.056861259,8.897389835,4.6,5.5,8 1998-10-01,8.072533104,8.912061346,4.5,5.4,7.9 1998-11-01,7.975188336,8.780742011,4.4,5.3,7.7 1998-12-01,7.950629748,8.774817352,4.4,5.2,7.6 1999-01-01,7.932967165,8.778879458,4.3,5.2,7.6 1999-02-01,7.974138056,8.80029424,4.4,5.2,7.7 1999-03-01,7.923508979,8.77738888,4.2,5,7.5 1999-04-01,8.106090117,8.897922273,4.3,5.2,7.7 1999-05-01,7.940559287,8.770532613,4.2,5,7.4 1999-06-01,7.962883038,8.781900551,4.3,5.1,7.5 1999-07-01,7.909638105,8.736061452,4.3,5.1,7.5 1999-08-01,7.88151816,8.682868639,4.2,5,7.3 1999-09-01,7.897406091,8.689821372,4.2,5,7.4 1999-10-01,7.794364841,8.557175509,4.1,5,7.2 1999-11-01,7.764335098,8.523102435,4.1,4.9,7.2 1999-12-01,7.716678279,8.497203823,4,4.8,7.1 2000-01-01,7.658564999,8.420086416,4,4.8,7 2000-02-01,7.773848625,8.519707374,4.1,4.9,7.1 2000-03-01,7.797004788,8.55622885,4,4.8,7.1 2000-04-01,7.672293588,8.396026144,3.8,4.7,6.9 2000-05-01,7.847373918,8.634267862,4,4.8,7.1 2000-06-01,7.690876712,8.440802266,4,4.7,7 2000-07-01,7.70437365,8.459606953,4,4.8,7 2000-08-01,7.736223578,8.510104187,4.1,4.8,7.1 2000-09-01,7.69899335,8.458709902,3.9,4.7,7 2000-10-01,7.684444835,8.436733416,3.9,4.6,6.8 2000-11-01,7.719457007,8.508780811,3.9,4.7,7.1 2000-12-01,7.702914598,8.452543158,3.9,4.7,6.9 2001-01-01,7.793559565,8.573665518,4.2,5,7.3 2001-02-01,7.825992723,8.587348253,4.2,5.1,7.3 2001-03-01,7.886288414,8.648935358,4.3,5,7.3 2001-04-01,8.037647394,8.786859485,4.4,5.1,7.4 2001-05-01,8.126139099,8.939982766,4.3,5.1,7.5 2001-06-01,8.205523905,9.085905397,4.5,5.3,7.9 2001-07-01,8.16015208,9.001847906,4.6,5.4,7.9 2001-08-01,8.474660802,9.288051408,4.9,5.8,8.2 2001-09-01,8.446381287,9.425541938,5,5.8,8.7 2001-10-01,8.710297015,9.736248108,5.3,6.3,9.3 2001-11-01,8.798383169,9.76661003,5.5,6.4,9.4 2001-12-01,8.907965128,9.915348136,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-01-01,8.982917127,9.921444677,5.7,6.6,9.4 2002-02-01,8.888696525,9.86375495,5.7,6.5,9.5 2002-03-01,8.872652811,9.817164034,5.7,6.6,9.4 2002-04-01,8.94028,9.891696683,5.9,6.9,9.7 2002-05-01,8.865851363,9.819867173,5.8,6.8,9.6 2002-06-01,8.854276388,9.79087106,5.8,6.7,9.5 2002-07-01,8.871356326,9.839200086,5.8,6.8,9.6 2002-08-01,8.807146321,9.833466733,5.7,6.7,9.6 2002-09-01,8.771632049,9.76325064,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-10-01,8.74610805,9.739053241,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-11-01,8.887523132,9.846967958,5.9,6.8,9.8 2002-12-01,8.818525357,9.796573185,6,6.9,9.8 2003-01-01,8.865053916,9.909873755,5.8,6.8,9.9 2003-02-01,8.890435349,9.969917396,5.9,6.9,10.1 2003-03-01,9.00287137,10.06141577,5.9,6.9,10 2003-04-01,8.95686669,10.03088688,6,7,10.2 2003-05-01,9.032254275,10.07862724,6.1,7.1,10.1 2003-06-01,9.070552435,10.11700924,6.3,7.2,10.3 2003-07-01,9.039985832,10.1039335,6.2,7.1,10.3 2003-08-01,9.015733872,10.05364418,6.1,7.1,10.1 2003-09-01,9.003856778,10.10552504,6.1,7.1,10.4 2003-10-01,8.990905879,10.06448749,6,7,10.2 2003-11-01,8.85598272,9.919082198,5.8,6.8,10.1 2003-12-01,8.842990819,9.910722027,5.7,6.6,9.8 2004-01-01,8.783514668,9.845495981,5.7,6.7,9.8 2004-02-01,8.735945858,9.745442572,5.6,6.6,9.7 2004-03-01,8.862049454,9.930618868,5.8,6.8,10 2004-04-01,8.734476429,9.745044918,5.6,6.6,9.6 2004-05-01,8.727088387,9.76467345,5.6,6.6,9.7 2004-06-01,8.704035378,9.703671247,5.6,6.6,9.6 2004-07-01,8.695695073,9.697095476,5.5,6.5,9.5 2004-08-01,8.667770186,9.697034064,5.4,6.4,9.4 2004-09-01,8.650755941,9.655707966,5.4,6.4,9.4 2004-10-01,8.688151108,9.752727541,5.5,6.5,9.7 2004-11-01,8.640271936,9.631289972,5.4,6.3,9.4 2004-12-01,8.627012938,9.615957064,5.4,6.3,9.3 2005-01-01,8.577914324,9.552073333,5.3,6.3,9.2 2005-02-01,8.637969843,9.581497088,5.4,6.4,9.2 2005-03-01,8.561821217,9.541517577,5.2,6.2,9.1 2005-04-01,8.521863909,9.448892311,5.2,6.1,9 2005-05-01,8.442565231,9.407073534,5.1,6.1,8.9 2005-06-01,8.474925911,9.459722505,5,6,9 2005-07-01,8.386964569,9.361304991,5,5.9,8.8 2005-08-01,8.301337397,9.315205894,4.9,5.9,8.9 2005-09-01,8.448005494,9.48291143,5,6,9 2005-10-01,8.408084117,9.348957348,5,5.9,8.7 2005-11-01,8.471332839,9.378804998,5,6,8.7 2005-12-01,8.425516424,9.327468405,4.9,5.9,8.6 2006-01-01,8.312171673,9.21209666,4.7,5.6,8.4 2006-02-01,8.307874915,9.226297268,4.8,5.6,8.4 2006-03-01,8.205200366,9.080251554,4.7,5.6,8.2 2006-04-01,8.340193104,9.167804375,4.7,5.6,8.1 2006-05-01,8.161021908,9.065527714,4.6,5.5,8.2 2006-06-01,8.153497553,9.094948925,4.6,5.6,8.4 2006-07-01,8.213336228,9.153062102,4.7,5.7,8.5 2006-08-01,8.181732339,9.119308824,4.7,5.7,8.4 2006-09-01,8.166028039,9.082718193,4.5,5.3,8 2006-10-01,8.129386675,9.080089687,4.4,5.3,8.2 2006-11-01,8.179853267,9.073073592,4.5,5.4,8.1 2006-12-01,8.079003736,8.985010206,4.4,5.2,7.9 2007-01-01,8.154633045,9.072792515,4.6,5.5,8.3 2007-02-01,8.126244614,9.034291508,4.5,5.4,8.1 2007-03-01,7.97342982,8.896987314,4.4,5.3,8 2007-04-01,8.25381457,9.157474071,4.5,5.4,8.2 2007-05-01,8.204881536,9.174749799,4.4,5.3,8.2 2007-06-01,8.174444158,9.105868208,4.6,5.4,8.3 2007-07-01,8.192352198,9.143608365,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-08-01,8.218807962,9.229864068,4.6,5.5,8.4 2007-09-01,8.265388833,9.261227912,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-10-01,8.261971423,9.203216915,4.7,5.6,8.4 2007-11-01,8.179229758,9.130459492,4.7,5.6,8.5 2007-12-01,8.350801608,9.332439973,5,5.8,8.8 2008-01-01,8.364636902,9.403062326,5,5.9,9.1 2008-02-01,8.353940747,9.397257566,4.9,5.8,9 2008-03-01,8.472340682,9.525032658,5.1,5.9,9.1 2008-04-01,8.502076441,9.587331849,5,5.9,9.2 2008-05-01,8.657054004,9.792212213,5.4,6.3,9.7 2008-06-01,8.710258391,9.895755958,5.6,6.5,10 2008-07-01,8.894579385,10.18021523,5.8,6.7,10.5 2008-08-01,9.040307887,10.31221073,6.1,7.1,10.8 2008-09-01,9.127864283,10.45396183,6.1,7.1,11.1 2008-10-01,9.266824281,10.69586985,6.5,7.5,11.8 2008-11-01,9.518506592,11.05805146,6.8,8,12.7 2008-12-01,9.792134444,11.49295205,7.3,8.4,13.6 2009-01-01,10.22467521,11.95407071,7.8,9,14.1 2009-02-01,10.44289045,12.30361367,8.3,9.5,15.1 2009-03-01,10.63739302,12.57604048,8.7,10,15.8 2009-04-01,10.73560952,12.59114655,9,10.2,15.9 2009-05-01,10.93525318,12.86607555,9.4,10.7,16.5 2009-06-01,10.9755234,12.90574671,9.5,10.7,16.5 2009-07-01,10.81358172,12.74566509,9.5,10.7,16.4 2009-08-01,10.82816907,12.74818599,9.6,10.9,16.7 2009-09-01,10.89967031,12.75939659,9.8,11.1,16.7 2009-10-01,11.01274714,12.91216241,10,11.3,17.1 2009-11-01,10.86792987,12.77210213,9.9,11.3,17.1 2009-12-01,10.93252425,12.8383132,9.9,11.3,17.2 2010-01-01,10.84317491,12.65180879,9.8,11.2,16.6 2010-02-01,10.85302763,12.73061989,9.8,11.2,17 2010-03-01,10.82877814,12.76591479,9.9,11.2,17.1 2010-04-01,10.67759163,12.59634597,9.9,11.4,17.2 2010-05-01,10.5662068,12.42519742,9.6,11,16.7 2010-06-01,10.4895792,12.31411536,9.4,10.9,16.4 2010-07-01,10.55311144,12.39283076,9.4,10.9,16.4 2010-08-01,10.62371381,12.46911401,9.5,10.9,16.5 2010-09-01,10.65408663,12.54964064,9.5,11,16.9 2010-10-01,10.60609548,12.4650278,9.4,11,16.6 2010-11-01,10.75367212,12.59248088,9.8,11.3,16.9 2010-12-01,10.55714508,12.41925255,9.3,10.8,16.6 2011-01-01,10.47321354,12.25328098,9.1,10.6,16.1 2011-02-01,10.41890664,12.19149776,9,10.6,16 2011-03-01,10.3346034,12.14478906,9,10.4,16 2011-04-01,10.45279272,12.26422169,9.1,10.6,16.1 2011-05-01,10.39049719,12.1904337,9,10.4,15.9 2011-06-01,10.49759405,12.27554128,9.1,10.7,16.1 2011-07-01,10.48151801,12.24814674,9,10.6,15.9 2011-08-01,10.41614182,12.22956009,9,10.5,16.1 2011-09-01,10.38113338,12.2242648,9,10.5,16.4 2011-10-01,10.33232114,12.13878681,8.8,10.3,15.8 2011-11-01,10.25801111,12.00394762,8.6,10.2,15.6 2011-12-01,10.17210078,11.86932171,8.5,10,15.2 2012-01-01,10.06018922,11.76331147,8.3,9.8,15.1 2012-02-01,10.03915835,11.74697832,8.3,9.8,15 2012-03-01,10.04403021,11.65686157,8.2,9.6,14.6 2012-04-01,10.04582388,11.68173876,8.2,9.6,14.7 2012-05-01,10.00619608,11.68741215,8.2,9.7,14.8 2012-06-01,10.04259092,11.71742221,8.2,9.6,14.7 2012-07-01,10.05036974,11.73028477,8.2,9.6,14.7 2012-08-01,10.10401275,11.72841252,8.1,9.6,14.6 2012-09-01,9.871984132,11.58771232,7.8,9.3,14.8 2012-10-01,9.84510101,11.54455085,7.8,9.2,14.4 2012-11-01,9.904181109,11.56962611,7.7,9.2,14.4 2012-12-01,9.957436507,11.58600446,7.9,9.4,14.4 2013-01-01,10.07079788,11.69876824,8,9.3,14.5 2013-02-01,9.888605287,11.56118279,7.7,9.2,14.3 2013-03-01,9.827297002,11.4007683,7.5,9,13.9 2013-04-01,9.836910978,11.46201142,7.6,9,14 2013-05-01,9.836992298,11.44690541,7.5,8.8,13.9 2013-06-01,9.810558192,11.46849581,7.5,9.1,14.2 2013-07-01,9.651216544,11.29795632,7.3,8.7,13.8 2013-08-01,9.542004441,11.12431753,7.2,8.6,13.6 2013-09-01,9.534171755,11.11544758,7.2,8.6,13.5 2013-10-01,9.61162894,11.26893833,7.2,8.6,13.6 2013-11-01,9.405044215,10.97135039,6.9,8.2,13.1 2013-12-01,9.336979117,10.92648886,6.7,8.1,13.1 2014-01-01,9.301811828,10.74907495,6.6,8,12.6 2014-02-01,9.321845616,10.80205095,6.7,8,12.6 2014-03-01,9.312240848,10.8069535,6.7,8,12.7 2014-04-01,9.14078808,10.65547047,6.2,7.6,12.3 2014-05-01,9.209350199,10.65479221,6.3,7.7,12.3 2014-06-01,9.106953112,10.61397886,6.1,7.3,12 2014-07-01,9.133394088,10.63056387,6.2,7.4,12.1 2014-08-01,9.144279164,10.60505341,6.1,7.4,12 2014-09-01,9.07516952,10.48263054,5.9,7.2,11.7 2014-10-01,8.942868257,10.40483565,5.7,7.1,11.5 2014-11-01,9.015367726,10.39820933,5.8,7.1,11.4 2014-12-01,8.888077696,10.26029326,5.6,6.9,11.2 2015-01-01,8.927042528,10.25975812,5.7,6.9,11.2 2015-02-01,8.877700917,10.20837495,5.5,6.7,10.9 2015-03-01,8.824499941,10.13780487,5.4,6.7,10.9 2015-04-01,8.819002942,10.13189043,5.4,6.7,10.9 2015-05-01,8.773619489,10.07187057,5.6,6.8,10.9 2015-06-01,8.74239729,10.0230124,5.3,6.4,10.4 2015-07-01,8.710441268,9.977648445,5.2,6.3,10.3 2015-08-01,8.51960496,9.83618315,5.1,6.2,10.2 2015-09-01,8.614805925,9.807094736,5,6.2,10 2015-10-01,8.616327337,9.811662647,5,6.2,9.8 2015-11-01,8.599200613,9.813652613,5.1,6.1,10 2015-12-01,8.533656904,9.725952181,5,6.1,9.9 2016-01-01,8.460061837,9.613672659,4.8,6,9.7 2016-02-01,8.469474818,9.639119346,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-03-01,8.463634699,9.645803991,5,6.1,9.8 2016-04-01,8.509438799,9.685090621,5.1,6.1,9.9 2016-05-01,8.403365101,9.663229835,4.8,5.9,9.9 2016-06-01,8.37979937,9.523859707,4.9,5.9,9.5 2016-07-01,8.333229687,9.54892022,4.8,5.9,9.6 2016-08-01,8.307051726,9.548568014,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-09-01,8.491532442,9.649570949,5,6.1,9.7 2016-10-01,8.494947921,9.696987702,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-11-01,8.368888043,9.470295119,4.7,5.9,9.4 2016-12-01,8.380887575,9.448887072,4.7,5.7,9.2 2017-01-01,8.341996602,9.444163335,4.7,5.6,9.2 2017-02-01,8.286652224,9.361322073,4.6,5.6,9.1 2017-03-01,8.205058712,9.253231253,4.4,5.4,8.8 2017-04-01,8.140245006,9.163771467,4.5,5.4,8.7 2017-05-01,8.107346675,9.130249773,4.4,5.3,8.6 2017-06-01,7.994576202,9.057223787,4.3,5.2,8.5 2017-07-01,7.872915869,8.987234092,4.3,5.2,8.4 2017-08-01,7.997995262,9.092989575,4.4,5.3,8.6 2017-09-01,7.898798352,8.913482047,4.2,5.2,8.3 2017-10-01,7.90377134,8.866575167,4.1,5.1,8.1 2017-11-01,7.972051042,8.864729413,4.2,5.1,8.1 2017-12-01,7.998451528,8.914621149,4.1,5.1,8.1 2018-01-01,7.93657309,8.873723391,4,4.9,8 2018-02-01,7.925651082,8.883638767,4.1,5,8.1 2018-03-01,7.911000996,8.84612262,4,4.9,8 2018-04-01,7.849843577,8.803866067,4,4.9,7.9 2018-05-01,7.742821513,8.716098146,3.8,4.8,7.8 2018-06-01,7.721245646,8.694113689,4,4.8,7.7 2018-07-01,7.528715201,8.530063816,3.8,4.6,7.4 2018-08-01,7.642944448,8.560622348,3.8,4.7,7.3 2018-09-01,7.634370704,8.547054352,3.7,4.7,7.5 2018-10-01,7.684220229,8.562778074,3.8,4.7,7.5 2018-11-01,7.716912665,8.55435368,3.8,4.7,7.6 2018-12-01,7.806287243,8.628347612,3.9,4.8,7.6 2019-01-01,7.890992552,8.835499699,4,4.8,8 2019-02-01,7.808853916,8.598873729,3.8,4.6,7.2 2019-03-01,7.773199884,8.606799488,3.8,4.6,7.4 2019-04-01,7.633087768,8.539572623,3.7,4.6,7.4 2019-05-01,7.544486281,8.420473033,3.7,4.5,7.2 2019-06-01,7.485782462,8.396870386,3.6,4.5,7.2 2019-07-01,7.452436512,8.347200252,3.6,4.5,6.9 2019-08-01,7.369409905,8.282069397,3.7,4.6,7.2 2019-09-01,7.285415929,8.140819382,3.5,4.3,6.9 2019-10-01,7.326247062,8.148065929,3.6,4.3,7 2019-11-01,7.44307915,8.160420718,3.6,4.3,6.9 2019-12-01,7.458557718,8.167920745,3.6,4.3,6.8 2020-01-01,7.520529819,8.285944742,3.5,4.3,6.9 2020-02-01,7.585564829,8.370637789,3.5,4.3,7 2020-03-01,8.317615647,9.380991827,4.4,5.3,8.8 2020-04-01,15.66683212,17.829123,14.8,16,22.9 2020-05-01,14.30967844,16.49886943,13.3,14.6,21.2 2020-06-01,12.46570288,14.30932307,11.1,12.4,18 2020-07-01,11.68404913,13.50697699,10.2,11.3,16.5 2020-08-01,10.48002808,12.03017662,8.4,9.6,14.2 2020-09-01,10.29902064,11.57187209,7.8,8.9,12.8 2020-10-01,9.374996607,10.64040886,6.9,8,12.1 2020-11-01,9.410100974,10.54762884,6.7,7.9,12 2020-12-01,9.432019078,10.48061227,6.7,7.9,11.7 2021-01-01,9.135636895,10.17618258,6.3,7.4,11.1 2021-02-01,9.195658241,10.27724663,6.2,7.3,11.1 2021-03-01,8.970870094,10.02939416,6,7.1,10.7 2021-04-01,8.883432624,9.907670698,6.1,7.2,10.4 2021-05-01,8.735582264,9.821144214,5.8,6.9,10.2
Discussing Race and Inequality in the Classroom: COVID's Impact on Economic Well-being
Wed., June 30, 2021
12 p.m. - 1:30 p.m.
Webinar
Evening with the Fed: The Effects of Climate Change on the Economy
Tue., Aug. 3, 2021
4 p.m. - 6 p.m.
Webinar
Being a Research Associate at the Richmond Fed
Research Associates help the Richmond Fed's economists with their research and policy memos for briefing the Bank's president on the state of the economy. For recent graduates thinking about applying to a Ph.D. program, this position is an ideal way to learn more about academic economic research.
Racial Inequality
As part of its ongoing effort to better understand the dynamics that drive the Fifth District economy, the Richmond Fed is studying racial inequality and the challenges, both past and present, facing communities of color. We have collected some of this published work under the following topics:
- Access to Credit
- Workforce Development
- Regional Differences
- Health and Justice
Contact Us
Research Department
(804) 697-8000
