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Working Papers

These papers are written by Richmond Fed economists, in some cases in collaboration with outside economists. They represent work prepared for later publication or presentation to professional meetings. They are circulated in this series for purposes of discussion and comment. A list of forthcoming and published papers is available on our externally published research page.

March 2026, No. 26-04

District Heterogeneity, Legislative Bargaining, and Trade Policy

Kishore Gawande, Pablo M. Pinto and Santiago M. Pinto

February 2026, No. 26-03

Why Do Firms Pay Different Interest Rates on Their Bank Loans?

Mary Amiti, Anil K. Kashyap, Anna Kovner and David E. Weinstein

February 2026, No. 26-02

Bank Failures: The Roles of Solvency and Liquidity

Sergio Correia, Stephan Luck and Emil Verner

February 2026, No. 26-01

Artificial Intelligence and Technological Unemployment

Ping Wang and Russell Wong

November 2025, No. 25-13

Spousal Labor Response to Primary Income: Identification and Heterogeneity

Yongsung Chang, Elin Halvorsen and Marios Karabarbounis

November 2025, No. 25-12

Estimating the Missing Intercept

Christian Matthes, Naoya Nagasaka and Felipe F. Schwartzman

November 2025, No. 25-11

Credit Supply Shocks During a Non-Financial Recession

Alex Rivadeneira, Carlo Alcaraz, Nicolas Amoroso, Rodolfo Oviedo, Brenda Samaniego de la Parra and Horacio Sapriza

October 2025, No. 25-10

Supervising Failing Banks

Sergio Correia, Stephan Luck and Emil Verner

October 2025, No. 25-09

Sovereign Default Intensity and Noise Bargaining

Grey Gordon and Pablo Guerron-Quintana

October 2025, No. 25-08

The Past and Future of U.S. Structural Change: Compositional Accounting and Forecasting

Andrew Foerster, Andreas Hornstein, Pierre-Daniel G. Sarte and Mark W. Watson

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