Economic Research
We conduct research to support policymaking and thought leadership on issues important to the Federal Reserve and the Fifth District. We also inform the public through our data and economic analysis, publications, presentations and educational resources.
Featured
Article
How Persistent Is Inflation?
August 2022, No. 22-31
Persistence in inflation depends on the time period studied.
Podcast
What’s Happening in Our Region’s Economy? A Focus on the Carolinas
Aug. 10, 2022
Matt Martin provides an update on economic conditions in North Carolina and South Carolina, based on his recent conversations with local business contacts and analysis of the data. Martin is the regional executive based at the Richmond Fed's Charlotte office.
Relative Price Shocks and Inflation
June 2022, No. 22-07
Francisco Ruge-Murcia and Alexander L. Wolman
Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index
August 11, 2022
The Non-Employment Index was 7.5 percent in July 2022, essentially unchanged from June 2022.
Month,HKL Nonemployment Index,HKL Nonemployment Index Including PTER,Civilian Unemployment Rate (U-3),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached (U-5),Unemployed plus Marginally Attached and PTER (U-6) 1994-01-01,10.00721016,11.07361331,6.6,8,11.7 1994-02-01,9.833175257,10.98868116,6.6,7.9,11.4 1994-03-01,9.726928431,10.94154437,6.5,7.8,11.5 1994-04-01,9.593734296,10.77889089,6.4,7.7,11.3 1994-05-01,9.382671067,10.60460822,6.1,7.3,10.9 1994-06-01,9.375879566,10.58908774,6.1,7.3,11 1994-07-01,9.318171575,10.47955108,6.1,7.4,10.8 1994-08-01,9.26762178,10.38664531,6,7.3,10.6 1994-09-01,9.177751345,10.28570545,5.9,7.2,10.4 1994-10-01,9.103182589,10.24322378,5.8,7,10.4 1994-11-01,9.002915483,10.1535087,5.6,6.8,10.1 1994-12-01,8.922634537,10.04005219,5.5,6.7,10.1 1995-01-01,8.943243214,10.13692591,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-02-01,8.872088838,9.952877404,5.4,6.6,9.9 1995-03-01,8.909060134,10.01258366,5.4,6.6,9.9 1995-04-01,8.998199131,10.08975534,5.8,6.8,10.1 1995-05-01,9.038052593,10.17335241,5.6,6.8,10.1 1995-06-01,8.976528941,10.09848095,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-07-01,8.96260042,10.09840983,5.7,6.8,10.1 1995-08-01,9.003253637,10.14851241,5.7,6.8,10.1 1995-09-01,8.993436316,10.14291893,5.6,6.7,10.2 1995-10-01,8.986307311,10.10800648,5.5,6.7,10 1995-11-01,8.973341035,10.10934356,5.6,6.7,10.1 1995-12-01,8.99452404,10.10360291,5.6,6.7,10 1996-01-01,8.965744075,10.00864245,5.6,6.8,9.8 1996-02-01,8.943483851,10.02704429,5.5,6.7,10 1996-03-01,8.878080243,9.97396182,5.5,6.6,9.9 1996-04-01,8.869249813,9.952244685,5.6,6.7,10 1996-05-01,8.883732548,9.964791535,5.6,6.6,9.8 1996-06-01,8.737244029,9.808958525,5.3,6.5,9.7 1996-07-01,8.742742683,9.849612867,5.5,6.5,9.7 1996-08-01,8.654919659,9.754119731,5.1,6.2,9.4 1996-09-01,8.592426396,9.676353101,5.2,6.2,9.5 1996-10-01,8.641705155,9.724963789,5.2,6.2,9.5 1996-11-01,8.722456811,9.73016448,5.4,6.4,9.4 1996-12-01,8.647944144,9.727996571,5.4,6.4,9.6 1997-01-01,8.644815712,9.709367435,5.3,6.3,9.4 1997-02-01,8.644875587,9.679544547,5.2,6.2,9.3 1997-03-01,8.555500486,9.566980221,5.2,6.2,9.1 1997-04-01,8.453530076,9.497206511,5.1,6.1,9.3 1997-05-01,8.443942198,9.441866992,4.9,5.9,8.9 1997-06-01,8.402632721,9.385009039,5,6,8.9 1997-07-01,8.270887988,9.284765254,4.9,5.8,8.7 1997-08-01,8.233207484,9.230988829,4.8,5.8,8.7 1997-09-01,8.31013087,9.288768867,4.9,5.8,8.7 1997-10-01,8.207776796,9.185762636,4.7,5.6,8.5 1997-11-01,8.178245288,9.151113099,4.6,5.6,8.4 1997-12-01,8.204276035,9.147157185,4.7,5.7,8.5 1998-01-01,8.123707617,9.103685688,4.6,5.6,8.4 1998-02-01,8.075524191,9.016957465,4.6,5.5,8.3 1998-03-01,8.12479296,9.063678901,4.7,5.6,8.4 1998-04-01,7.957066407,8.838772403,4.3,5.2,8 1998-05-01,7.970063725,8.887465809,4.4,5.3,8 1998-06-01,8.037256823,8.958569054,4.5,5.4,8.1 1998-07-01,8.095804508,9.044185342,4.5,5.5,8.2 1998-08-01,8.069225389,8.937083821,4.5,5.4,7.9 1998-09-01,8.018832067,8.858215727,4.6,5.5,8 1998-10-01,8.033920471,8.873700832,4.5,5.4,7.9 1998-11-01,7.936968452,8.742810599,4.4,5.3,7.7 1998-12-01,7.912024896,8.736700303,4.4,5.2,7.6 1999-01-01,7.894506912,8.739047272,4.3,5.2,7.6 1999-02-01,7.935716139,8.762185743,4.4,5.2,7.7 1999-03-01,7.884910595,8.740703144,4.2,5,7.5 1999-04-01,8.066191735,8.857919778,4.3,5.2,7.7 1999-05-01,7.90222717,8.73198018,4.2,5,7.4 1999-06-01,7.92451476,8.74310738,4.3,5.1,7.5 1999-07-01,7.871272411,8.697526326,4.3,5.1,7.5 1999-08-01,7.842737363,8.644086431,4.2,5,7.3 1999-09-01,7.858736115,8.650680213,4.2,5,7.4 1999-10-01,7.756210818,8.519381673,4.1,5,7.2 1999-11-01,7.72602376,8.485025674,4.1,4.9,7.2 1999-12-01,7.678248747,8.4590829,4,4.8,7.1 2000-01-01,7.620675452,8.380784612,4,4.8,7 2000-02-01,7.73562645,8.481698676,4.1,4.9,7.1 2000-03-01,7.758785188,8.519269599,4,4.8,7.1 2000-04-01,7.633707593,8.357291422,3.8,4.7,6.9 2000-05-01,7.809096375,8.595850656,4,4.8,7.1 2000-06-01,7.652894645,8.402685162,4,4.7,7 2000-07-01,7.666440436,8.421505915,4,4.8,7 2000-08-01,7.698496562,8.472313569,4.1,4.8,7.1 2000-09-01,7.660553654,8.420332459,3.9,4.7,7 2000-10-01,7.646229224,8.398896081,3.9,4.6,6.8 2000-11-01,7.681330017,8.470898393,3.9,4.7,7.1 2000-12-01,7.664863252,8.41475412,3.9,4.7,6.9 2001-01-01,7.755803771,8.534526272,4.2,5,7.3 2001-02-01,7.788216101,8.549829523,4.2,5.1,7.3 2001-03-01,7.848164547,8.611666145,4.3,5,7.3 2001-04-01,7.998395316,8.746878132,4.4,5.1,7.4 2001-05-01,8.086923983,8.900888629,4.3,5.1,7.5 2001-06-01,8.166332031,9.046705971,4.5,5.3,7.9 2001-07-01,8.121815171,8.963447538,4.6,5.4,7.9 2001-08-01,8.435797799,9.249166087,4.9,5.8,8.2 2001-09-01,8.40778609,9.38708151,5,5.8,8.7 2001-10-01,8.671900536,9.698564321,5.3,6.3,9.3 2001-11-01,8.760034705,9.728456602,5.5,6.4,9.4 2001-12-01,8.869927638,9.877446288,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-01-01,8.944246783,9.881729784,5.7,6.6,9.4 2002-02-01,8.850377399,9.825607799,5.7,6.5,9.5 2002-03-01,8.83524796,9.780010567,5.7,6.6,9.4 2002-04-01,8.902744152,9.853403378,5.9,6.9,9.7 2002-05-01,8.828473941,9.782721717,5.8,6.8,9.6 2002-06-01,8.816692052,9.753291869,5.8,6.7,9.5 2002-07-01,8.833354598,9.801199881,5.8,6.8,9.6 2002-08-01,8.769478657,9.795780629,5.7,6.7,9.6 2002-09-01,8.733993042,9.725736187,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-10-01,8.708613708,9.702434257,5.7,6.6,9.6 2002-11-01,8.849689133,9.809139458,5.9,6.8,9.8 2002-12-01,8.781480826,9.759519456,6,6.9,9.8 2003-01-01,8.827191525,9.87148999,5.8,6.8,9.9 2003-02-01,8.852919811,9.932340949,5.9,6.9,10.1 2003-03-01,8.965128063,10.02377,5.9,6.9,10 2003-04-01,8.919241926,9.992597448,6,7,10.2 2003-05-01,8.994384739,10.04096535,6.1,7.1,10.1 2003-06-01,9.033166193,10.07965493,6.3,7.2,10.3 2003-07-01,9.002071735,10.0660301,6.2,7.1,10.3 2003-08-01,8.977948757,10.01578135,6.1,7.1,10.1 2003-09-01,8.965861462,10.06762441,6.1,7.1,10.4 2003-10-01,8.952472626,10.02701262,6,7,10.2 2003-11-01,8.818031454,9.880925872,5.8,6.8,10.1 2003-12-01,8.804426096,9.872031875,5.7,6.6,9.8 2004-01-01,8.745841723,9.807788496,5.7,6.7,9.8 2004-02-01,8.697936445,9.707144664,5.6,6.6,9.7 2004-03-01,8.824329526,9.892694833,5.8,6.8,10 2004-04-01,8.696005784,9.706746145,5.6,6.6,9.6 2004-05-01,8.689037633,9.726575058,5.6,6.6,9.7 2004-06-01,8.666007609,9.665583663,5.6,6.6,9.6 2004-07-01,8.657535403,9.658940545,5.5,6.5,9.5 2004-08-01,8.629155646,9.658299352,5.4,6.4,9.4 2004-09-01,8.612268086,9.61724831,5.4,6.4,9.4 2004-10-01,8.650191641,9.715571217,5.5,6.5,9.7 2004-11-01,8.602442728,9.593152389,5.4,6.3,9.4 2004-12-01,8.588564239,9.577441841,5.4,6.3,9.3 2005-01-01,8.539438293,9.513590707,5.3,6.3,9.2 2005-02-01,8.599635742,9.542942514,5.4,6.4,9.2 2005-03-01,8.523310363,9.502872246,5.2,6.2,9.1 2005-04-01,8.483567704,9.410946474,5.2,6.1,9 2005-05-01,8.404831359,9.369270371,5.1,6.1,8.9 2005-06-01,8.436430949,9.421192147,5,6,9 2005-07-01,8.348888816,9.323208996,5,5.9,8.8 2005-08-01,8.263623963,9.277319278,4.9,5.9,8.9 2005-09-01,8.409728515,9.444594139,5,6,9 2005-10-01,8.369547619,9.311065105,5,5.9,8.7 2005-11-01,8.433109173,9.340182388,5,6,8.7 2005-12-01,8.386775411,9.288656259,4.9,5.9,8.6 2006-01-01,8.27301279,9.173038576,4.7,5.6,8.4 2006-02-01,8.269196009,9.18745719,4.8,5.6,8.4 2006-03-01,8.166885082,9.041861745,4.7,5.6,8.2 2006-04-01,8.300758743,9.128804034,4.7,5.6,8.1 2006-05-01,8.122871732,9.027302663,4.6,5.5,8.2 2006-06-01,8.115508538,9.056927599,4.6,5.6,8.4 2006-07-01,8.175394191,9.115091678,4.7,5.7,8.5 2006-08-01,8.143833992,9.081223191,4.7,5.7,8.4 2006-09-01,8.127612478,9.044214025,4.5,5.3,8 2006-10-01,8.091110973,9.042258377,4.4,5.3,8.2 2006-11-01,8.14167378,9.034455209,4.5,5.4,8.1 2006-12-01,8.040760557,8.946718354,4.4,5.2,7.9 2007-01-01,8.11626751,9.034653968,4.6,5.5,8.3 2007-02-01,8.08786267,8.995784753,4.5,5.4,8.1 2007-03-01,7.935487549,8.859018831,4.4,5.3,8 2007-04-01,8.214123578,9.118227444,4.5,5.4,8.2 2007-05-01,8.16537864,9.135158437,4.4,5.3,8.2 2007-06-01,8.135356186,9.066764139,4.6,5.4,8.3 2007-07-01,8.153786868,9.10500629,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-08-01,8.179893118,9.190788871,4.6,5.5,8.4 2007-09-01,8.227056561,9.222764167,4.7,5.5,8.4 2007-10-01,8.223546587,9.165018489,4.7,5.6,8.4 2007-11-01,8.142084228,9.092982906,4.7,5.6,8.5 2007-12-01,8.313097267,9.294649511,5,5.8,8.8 2008-01-01,8.326662313,9.365404989,5,5.9,9.1 2008-02-01,8.316024852,9.359213508,4.9,5.8,9 2008-03-01,8.434115002,9.486837877,5.1,5.9,9.1 2008-04-01,8.463101648,9.548744341,5,5.9,9.2 2008-05-01,8.619489368,9.754581141,5.4,6.3,9.7 2008-06-01,8.672653742,9.858145421,5.6,6.5,10 2008-07-01,8.856713049,10.14228049,5.8,6.7,10.5 2008-08-01,9.003310873,10.27510732,6.1,7.1,10.8 2008-09-01,9.090635026,10.41661746,6.1,7.1,11.1 2008-10-01,9.230129872,10.65923702,6.5,7.5,11.8 2008-11-01,9.481667767,11.0210136,6.8,8,12.7 2008-12-01,9.755559326,11.45624329,7.3,8.4,13.6 2009-01-01,10.1869602,11.91662827,7.8,9,14.1 2009-02-01,10.40667892,12.26717829,8.3,9.5,15.1 2009-03-01,10.60150672,12.54025006,8.7,10,15.8 2009-04-01,10.69993483,12.55582016,9,10.2,15.9 2009-05-01,10.89980718,12.83073516,9.4,10.7,16.5 2009-06-01,10.93993789,12.87025082,9.5,10.7,16.5 2009-07-01,10.77905296,12.71118489,9.5,10.7,16.4 2009-08-01,10.79414936,12.71386607,9.6,10.9,16.7 2009-09-01,10.86572795,12.72547776,9.8,11.1,16.7 2009-10-01,10.97939652,12.87856505,10,11.3,17.1 2009-11-01,10.83518209,12.73940686,9.9,11.3,17.1 2009-12-01,10.89885627,12.80445134,9.9,11.3,17.2 2010-01-01,10.80908409,12.61762518,9.8,11.2,16.6 2010-02-01,10.81931057,12.69674755,9.8,11.2,17 2010-03-01,10.79561796,12.73293824,9.9,11.2,17.1 2010-04-01,10.645598,12.56457219,9.9,11.4,17.2 2010-05-01,10.53315862,12.39228411,9.6,11,16.7 2010-06-01,10.45471949,12.28014747,9.4,10.9,16.4 2010-07-01,10.51932775,12.3590748,9.4,10.9,16.4 2010-08-01,10.5905013,12.43521478,9.5,10.9,16.5 2010-09-01,10.6198573,12.51547415,9.5,11,16.9 2010-10-01,10.57266541,12.43092246,9.4,11,16.6 2010-11-01,10.71977163,12.55875449,9.8,11.3,16.9 2010-12-01,10.52298574,12.38496131,9.3,10.8,16.6 2011-01-01,10.43924879,12.21856087,9.1,10.6,16.1 2011-02-01,10.3847659,12.157351,9,10.6,16 2011-03-01,10.30006529,12.11059893,9,10.4,16 2011-04-01,10.41784876,12.22997566,9.1,10.6,16.1 2011-05-01,10.35551809,12.15597242,9,10.4,15.9 2011-06-01,10.46088558,12.24074328,9.1,10.7,16.1 2011-07-01,10.44673461,12.21321534,9,10.6,15.9 2011-08-01,10.38351632,12.19536124,9,10.5,16.1 2011-09-01,10.34762716,12.19022641,9,10.5,16.4 2011-10-01,10.29955978,12.10457541,8.8,10.3,15.8 2011-11-01,10.22321509,11.96919693,8.6,10.2,15.6 2011-12-01,10.13727558,11.8344209,8.5,10,15.2 2012-01-01,10.02500703,11.72691857,8.3,9.8,15.1 2012-02-01,10.0036928,11.71206087,8.3,9.8,15 2012-03-01,10.00744397,11.62148271,8.2,9.6,14.6 2012-04-01,10.00805356,11.64594539,8.2,9.6,14.7 2012-05-01,9.969784662,11.65248754,8.2,9.7,14.8 2012-06-01,10.00382247,11.68180689,8.2,9.6,14.7 2012-07-01,10.01556763,11.69515838,8.2,9.6,14.7 2012-08-01,10.07387304,11.69250827,8.1,9.6,14.6 2012-09-01,9.838031277,11.55216388,7.8,9.3,14.8 2012-10-01,9.812076161,11.50938895,7.8,9.2,14.4 2012-11-01,9.868158965,11.53335977,7.7,9.2,14.4 2012-12-01,9.921248817,11.55020725,7.9,9.4,14.4 2013-01-01,10.03339885,11.66030312,8,9.3,14.5 2013-02-01,9.85033701,11.52475271,7.7,9.2,14.3 2013-03-01,9.786843098,11.36335517,7.5,9,13.9 2013-04-01,9.795680655,11.42502385,7.6,9,14 2013-05-01,9.796590817,11.40973827,7.5,8.8,13.9 2013-06-01,9.769727268,11.4312876,7.5,9.1,14.2 2013-07-01,9.613733862,11.26107294,7.3,8.7,13.8 2013-08-01,9.51810153,11.08798372,7.2,8.6,13.6 2013-09-01,9.503546366,11.07949856,7.2,8.6,13.5 2013-10-01,9.580069811,11.23244326,7.2,8.6,13.6 2013-11-01,9.36669936,10.93493272,6.9,8.2,13.1 2013-12-01,9.298004094,10.88935126,6.7,8.1,13.1 2014-01-01,9.262040754,10.70958084,6.6,8,12.6 2014-02-01,9.280486717,10.76498249,6.7,8,12.6 2014-03-01,9.269279816,10.76973232,6.7,8,12.7 2014-04-01,9.096183657,10.61731265,6.2,7.6,12.3 2014-05-01,9.165153521,10.61631019,6.3,7.7,12.3 2014-06-01,9.061822546,10.57479147,6.1,7.3,12 2014-07-01,9.102496084,10.59267823,6.2,7.4,12.1 2014-08-01,9.128888269,10.56712037,6.1,7.4,12 2014-09-01,9.044773971,10.44477495,5.9,7.2,11.7 2014-10-01,8.911512075,10.36695307,5.7,7.1,11.5 2014-11-01,8.971730202,10.3593982,5.8,7.1,11.4 2014-12-01,8.843684873,10.22143442,5.6,6.9,11.2 2015-01-01,8.880517059,10.21842811,5.7,6.9,11.2 2015-02-01,8.828030813,10.16835748,5.5,6.7,10.9 2015-03-01,8.773601436,10.09748887,5.4,6.7,10.9 2015-04-01,8.769305874,10.09180995,5.4,6.7,10.9 2015-05-01,8.727896812,10.03281539,5.6,6.8,10.9 2015-06-01,8.697852634,9.9820078,5.3,6.4,10.4 2015-07-01,8.694820146,9.94018769,5.2,6.3,10.3 2015-08-01,8.515285893,9.798202724,5.1,6.2,10.2 2015-09-01,8.589530158,9.768530097,5,6.2,10 2015-10-01,8.586281905,9.772866345,5,6.2,9.8 2015-11-01,8.548482411,9.773664793,5.1,6.1,10 2015-12-01,8.47805236,9.685573696,5,6.1,9.9 2016-01-01,8.404227441,9.571829413,4.8,6,9.7 2016-02-01,8.4051994,9.597499227,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-03-01,8.402098601,9.604748537,5,6.1,9.8 2016-04-01,8.454803117,9.644214739,5.1,6.1,9.9 2016-05-01,8.357706951,9.622615762,4.8,5.9,9.9 2016-06-01,8.344181535,9.484049014,4.9,5.9,9.5 2016-07-01,8.353592653,9.516061096,4.8,5.9,9.6 2016-08-01,8.323612509,9.513787213,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-09-01,8.477721466,9.613519442,5,6.1,9.7 2016-10-01,8.470218324,9.660365357,4.9,5.9,9.6 2016-11-01,8.311323089,9.430558519,4.7,5.9,9.4 2016-12-01,8.302776329,9.406332259,4.7,5.7,9.2 2017-01-01,8.264803288,9.399354536,4.7,5.6,9.2 2017-02-01,8.195992673,9.316965303,4.6,5.6,9 2017-03-01,8.121635603,9.209476307,4.4,5.4,8.8 2017-04-01,8.076619508,9.120874085,4.4,5.4,8.6 2017-05-01,8.067786399,9.087288252,4.4,5.3,8.5 2017-06-01,7.981690873,9.018806524,4.3,5.2,8.5 2017-07-01,7.935745485,8.961821646,4.3,5.2,8.5 2017-08-01,8.042418391,9.065719785,4.4,5.3,8.6 2017-09-01,7.909639479,8.878189653,4.3,5.2,8.3 2017-10-01,7.886341815,8.831285832,4.2,5.1,8.1 2017-11-01,7.898232442,8.825119609,4.2,5.1,8 2017-12-01,7.894305761,8.868506031,4.1,5.1,8.1 2018-01-01,7.82779611,8.824447686,4,4.9,8 2018-02-01,7.802450341,8.837570165,4.1,5,8.1 2018-03-01,7.803212514,8.801939095,4,4.9,7.9 2018-04-01,7.779472742,8.760546954,4,4.8,7.9 2018-05-01,7.711201265,8.668815202,3.8,4.7,7.8 2018-06-01,7.729493024,8.65753274,4,4.8,7.8 2018-07-01,7.635010111,8.509941389,3.8,4.7,7.5 2018-08-01,7.717763715,8.541949706,3.8,4.7,7.4 2018-09-01,7.666499184,8.505556472,3.7,4.7,7.5 2018-10-01,7.672176061,8.5220315,3.8,4.7,7.5 2018-11-01,7.634364992,8.518973133,3.8,4.8,7.6 2018-12-01,7.68065796,8.581356632,3.9,4.8,7.6 2019-01-01,7.741590966,8.780822002,4,4.8,8 2019-02-01,7.653472392,8.553079227,3.8,4.6,7.2 2019-03-01,7.643956017,8.567783751,3.8,4.6,7.4 2019-04-01,7.554709743,8.497449297,3.6,4.5,7.4 2019-05-01,7.52239102,8.366592085,3.6,4.5,7.2 2019-06-01,7.51360216,8.363980886,3.6,4.5,7.2 2019-07-01,7.592470037,8.32904394,3.7,4.5,6.9 2019-08-01,7.471289937,8.272481554,3.7,4.6,7.2 2019-09-01,7.339716253,8.093157789,3.5,4.3,6.9 2019-10-01,7.319200517,8.101120068,3.6,4.4,7 2019-11-01,7.355174335,8.130120964,3.6,4.3,6.9 2019-12-01,7.322804208,8.121561733,3.6,4.3,6.8 2020-01-01,7.34298911,8.229244533,3.5,4.3,6.9 2020-02-01,7.410210498,8.329758465,3.5,4.3,7 2020-03-01,8.165373696,9.349722419,4.4,5.2,8.8 2020-04-01,15.53157451,17.78471273,14.7,16,22.9 2020-05-01,14.31247264,16.41325974,13.2,14.5,21.2 2020-06-01,12.5480679,14.28529068,11,12.4,18 2020-07-01,11.94631022,13.4874929,10.2,11.3,16.5 2020-08-01,10.66569638,12.03254427,8.4,9.6,14.3 2020-09-01,10.40385086,11.50478585,7.9,9,12.8 2020-10-01,9.379378271,10.57621779,6.9,8,12.1 2020-11-01,9.310378546,10.52075235,6.7,7.9,12 2020-12-01,9.263718813,10.43462826,6.7,8,11.7 2021-01-01,8.904197664,10.11380817,6.4,7.5,11.1 2021-02-01,8.978838121,10.2429799,6.2,7.3,11.1 2021-03-01,8.809326927,10.01612815,6,7.1,10.7 2021-04-01,8.791508596,9.877951911,6,7.1,10.3 2021-05-01,8.733311785,9.75013519,5.8,6.9,10.1 2021-06-01,8.605883255,9.509723273,5.9,7,9.8 2021-07-01,8.408527063,9.211363118,5.4,6.5,9.2 2021-08-01,8.214157255,8.991500133,5.2,6.1,8.8 2021-09-01,8.129417828,8.874552637,4.7,5.8,8.5 2021-10-01,8.004496081,8.75404616,4.6,5.5,8.2 2021-11-01,7.808545798,8.56154173,4.2,5.1,7.7 2021-12-01,7.652166913,8.40229573,3.9,4.9,7.3 2022-01-01,7.729915733,8.527878102,4,4.9,7.1 2022-02-01,7.632589258,8.51648061,3.8,4.7,7.2 2022-03-01,7.593142799,8.473191468,3.6,4.4,6.9 2022-04-01,7.597695875,8.433170901,3.6,4.6,7 2022-05-01,7.53387939,8.354718003,3.6,4.5,7.1 2022-06-01,7.51328778,8.224606203,3.6,4.5,6.7 2022-07-01,7.509946344,8.209999834,3.5,4.4,6.7
Being a Research Associate at the Richmond Fed
Research Associates help the Richmond Fed's economists with their research and policy memos for briefing the Bank's president on the state of the economy. For recent graduates thinking about applying to a Ph.D. program, this position is an ideal way to learn more about academic economic research.
Rural-Urban Comparison Maps
This series of interactive maps showcases the differences in demographic and economic indicators across the rural-urban landscape of the Fifth District.
- Population
- Demographics
- Educational Attainment
- Labor Force
- Income and Poverty
Contact Us
Research Department
(804) 697-8000